Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21472740›Full record

ReviewBioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology2011

Visual threshold is set by linear and nonlinear mechanisms in the retina that mitigate noise: how neural circuits in the retina improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the single-photon response.

Johan Pahlberg, Alapakkam P Sampath

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. The Hidden Benefits of Noise: Low-Frequency tRNS and Dynamic Visual Noise Enhance Visual Processing.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  3. Photoreceptor-Like Signal Transduction Between Polymer-Based Protocells.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Flexible Neural Network Realized by the Probabilistic SiOAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Transmission at rod and cone ribbon synapses in the retina.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2021
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Adaptation of cone pigments found in green rods for scotopic vision through a single amino acid mutation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Johan PahlbergZilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. pahlberg@usc.edu
Alapakkam P Sampath

Funding

Functional characteristics of rod pathways in the retinaR01EY017606 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI SAMPATH, ALAPAKKAM P · 2006 to 2015
$3.7M
NEI NIH HHS EY17606NEI NIH HHS R01 EY017606
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In sensory biology, a major outstanding question is how sensory receptor cells minimize noise while maximizing signal to set the detection threshold. This optimization could be problematic because the origin of both the signals and the limiting noise in most sensory systems is believed to lie in stimulus transduction. Signal processing in receptor cells can improve the signal-to-noise ratio. However, neural circuits can further optimize the detection threshold by pooling signals from sensory receptor cells and processing them using a combination of linear and nonlinear filtering mechanisms. In the visual system, noise limiting light detection has been assumed to arise from stimulus transduction in rod photoreceptors. In this context, the evolutionary optimization of the signal-to-noise ratio in the retina has proven critical in allowing visual sensitivity to approach the limits set by the quantal nature of light. Here, we discuss how noise in the mammalian retina is mitigated to allow for highly sensitive night vision.

Indexed as

PhotonsSensory ThresholdsVision, OcularVisual PerceptionAction PotentialsAmacrine CellsAnimalsHumansPhotoreceptor Cells, VertebrateRetinaSynaptic TransmissionVisual Pathways

Identifiers

PMID21472740
PMCPMC3428150

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.