ArticleNature2011
Eutherian mammals use diverse strategies to initiate X-chromosome inactivation during development.
Article in Nature, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 256 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
256 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 475 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-species meta-analysis of transcriptome changes during the morula-to-blastocyst transition: metabolic and physiological changes take center stage.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2021Pooled it
- From inactivation to intervention: X chromosome silencing in disease pathogenesis and emerging therapeutic strategies.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Neural peer pressure: intercellular dynamics and emergent phenotypes in the mosaic Rett syndrome brain.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Reprogramming the inactive X chromosome: dynamics and insights from the germline.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Establishment and Maintenance of Repressed Chromatin States on Dosage-Compensated Sex Chromosomes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of human germ cell development.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Remodeling ofScience advances · 2026Article
- H3K27me3-dependent imprinting and transcriptional regulation in early mouse embryos requires EZHIP-mediated restriction of PRC2 activity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Lyonization of X-chromosome: New insights.Journal of genetics · 2026Review
- Impact of somatic XIST deletions on ongoing XIST expression and inactive X silencing and heterochromatin.Human molecular genetics · 2025Article
- X-chromosome upregulation operates on a gene-by-gene basis at RNA and protein levels.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sex-biased transcriptome in in vitro produced bovine early embryos.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- Xist condensates: perspectives for therapeutic intervention.Genome biology · 2025Review
- Early establishment and life course stability of sex biases in the human brain transcriptome.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- X chromosome inactivation in mammals: general principles and species-specific considerations.EMBO reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Modelling human brain development and disease with organoids.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Human XIST: Origin and Divergence of aNon-coding RNA · 2025Review
- The guinea pig serves as an alternative model to study human preimplantation development.Nature cell biology · 2025Article
- Defective X-chromosome inactivation and cancer risk in women.Communications biology · 2025Article
196 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female mammals allows dosage compensation for X-linked gene products between the sexes. The developmental regulation of this process has been extensively investigated in mice, where the X chromosome of paternal origin (Xp) is silenced during early embryogenesis owing to imprinted expression of the regulatory RNA, Xist (X-inactive specific transcript). Paternal XCI is reversed in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and random XCI subsequently occurs in epiblast cells. Here we show that other eutherian mammals have very different strategies for initiating XCI. In rabbits and humans, the Xist homologue is not subject to imprinting and XCI begins later than in mice. Furthermore, Xist is upregulated on both X chromosomes in a high proportion of rabbit and human embryo cells, even in the inner cell mass. In rabbits, this triggers XCI on both X chromosomes in some cells. In humans, chromosome-wide XCI has not initiated even by the blastocyst stage, despite the upregulation of XIST. The choice of which X chromosome will finally become inactive thus occurs downstream of Xist upregulation in both rabbits and humans, unlike in mice. Our study demonstrates the remarkable diversity in XCI regulation and highlights differences between mammals in their requirement for dosage compensation during early embryogenesis.
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