ArticleScience translational medicine2011
Genital HIV-1 RNA predicts risk of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02445989 (Effects of Contraceptive Ring on Vaginal Microbiota, HIV Shedding and Local Immunity), which is not on this map. Cited by 170 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Contraceptive Ring on Vaginal Microbiota, HIV Shedding and Local Immunity
Who cites it
170 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Current ART, determinants for virologic failure and implications for HIV drug resistance: an umbrella review.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of sexually transmitted co-infections on HIV viral load amongst individuals on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Impact of viral load and the duration of primary infection on HIV transmission: systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2014Pooled it
- Pooled it
- HIV treatment as prevention: optimising the impact of expanded HIV treatment programmes.PLoS medicine · 2012Pooled it
- Decay kinetics of HIV-1-RNA in seminal plasma with dolutegravir/lamivudine versus dolutegravir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-naive people living with HIV.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2023Trial
- Fee for home delivery and monitoring of antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection compared with standard clinic-based services in South Africa: a randomised controlled trial.The lancet. HIV · 2022Trial
- Community-based antiretroviral therapy versus standard clinic-based services for HIV in South Africa and Uganda (DO ART): a randomised trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Seminal Tenofovir Concentrations, Viral Suppression, and Semen Quality With Tenofovir Alafenamide, Compared With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network, PreEC/RIS 40).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Brief Report: HIV Shedding in the Female Genital Tract of Women on ART and Progestin Contraception: Extended Follow-up Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Effect of the depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable and levonorgestrel implant on HIV genital shedding: a randomized trial.Contraception · 2018Trial
- Self-collected genital swabs compared with cervicovaginal lavage for measuring HIV-1 and HSV-2 and the effect of acyclovir on viral shedding.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2017Trial
- Comparison of sampling methods to measure HIV RNA viral load in female genital tract secretions.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2017Trial
- A randomized clinical trial on the effects of progestin contraception in the genital tract of HIV-infected and uninfected women in Lilongwe, Malawi: Addressing evolving research priorities.Contemporary clinical trials · 2017Trial
- HIV shedding from male circumcision wounds in HIV-infected men: a prospective cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2015Trial
- The semen microbiome and its relationship with local immunology and viral load in HIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Association of cervical biopsy with HIV type 1 genital shedding among women on highly active antiretroviral therapy.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Trial
- Changes in HIV-1 subtypes B and C genital tract RNA in women and men after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2013Trial
110 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
High plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations are associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 transmission. Although plasma and genital HIV-1 RNA concentrations are correlated, no study has evaluated the relationship between genital HIV-1 RNA and the risk of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission. In a prospective study of 2521 African HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, we assessed genital HIV-1 RNA quantity and HIV-1 transmission risk. HIV-1 transmission linkage was established within the partnership by viral sequence analysis. We tested endocervical samples from 1805 women, including 46 who transmitted HIV-1 to their partner, and semen samples from 716 men, including 32 who transmitted HIV-1 to their partner. There was a correlation between genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations: For endocervical swabs, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ was 0.56, and for semen, ρ was 0.55. Each 1.0 log(10) increase in genital HIV-1 RNA was associated with a 2.20-fold (for endocervical swabs: 95% confidence interval, 1.60 to 3.04) and a 1.79-fold (for semen: 95% confidence interval, 1.30 to 2.47) increased risk of HIV-1 transmission. Genital HIV-1 RNA independently predicted HIV-1 transmission risk after adjusting for plasma HIV-1 quantity (hazard ratio, 1.67 for endocervical swabs and 1.68 for semen). Seven female-to-male and four male-to-female HIV-1 transmissions (incidence <1% per year) occurred from persons with undetectable genital HIV-1 RNA, but in all 11 cases, plasma HIV-1 RNA was detected. Thus, higher genital HIV-1 RNA concentrations are associated with greater risk of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission, and this effect was independent of plasma HIV-1 concentrations. These data suggest that HIV-1 RNA in genital secretions could be used as a marker of HIV-1 sexual transmission risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.