ArticleTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2011
Causes of stillbirth, neonatal death and early childhood death in rural Zambia by verbal autopsy assessments.
Article in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00753428 (CIDRZ 1236 - Community-based Evaluation of a Pilot PMTCT Project in Kafue District), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CIDRZ 1236 - Community-based Evaluation of a Pilot PMTCT Project in Kafue District: Impact of HAART to Prevent Pediatric AIDS in Rural Zambia.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Perinatal mortality in eastern Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Pooled it
- The global network antenatal corticosteroids trial: impact on stillbirth.Reproductive health · 2016Trial
- Parents' experience of child loss during pregnancy or birth: protocol for an explorative, sequential and participative mixed-methods study.Research involvement and engagement · 2025Review
- Magnitude of neonatal mortality and its association with maternal and child health care in sub-Saharan africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Causes of Pediatric Deaths in Lusaka, Zambia: A Quantitative Geographic Information Systems Approach.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Risk factors associated with neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Uncovering the causes and socio-demographic constructs of stillbirths and neonatal deaths in an urban slum of Karachi.PloS one · 2024Article
- How Zambia reduced inequalities in under-five mortality rates over the last two decades: a mixed-methods study.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Impact of beliefs on perception of newborn illness, caregiver behaviors, and care-seeking practices in Zambia's Southern province.PloS one · 2023Article
- Ambient temperature and stillbirth risks in northern Sweden, 1880-1950.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
- The Association of Women's Empowerment with Stillbirths in Nepal.Maternal and child health journal · 2020Article
- Article
- Maternal and foetal medical conditions during pregnancy as determinants of intrapartum stillbirth in public health facilities of Addis Ababa: a case-control study.The Pan African medical journal · 2019Article
- Risk of stillbirth among Zambian women with a prior cesarean delivery.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2018Article
- Women's decision-making and uptake of services to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in Zambia.AIDS care · 2018Article
- Predictors for neonatal death in the rural areas of Shaanxi Province of Northwestern China: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Factors associated with neonatal mortality in the general population: evidence from the 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS); a cross sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2015Article
- Universal combination antiretroviral regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in rural Zambia: a two-round cross-sectional study.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2014Article
- Local perceptions, cultural beliefs and practices that shape umbilical cord care: a qualitative study in Southern Province, Zambia.PloS one · 2013Article
- Protocol-driven primary care and community linkages to improve population health in rural Zambia: the Better Health Outcomes through Mentoring and Assessment (BHOMA) project.BMC health services research · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo describe specific causes of the high rates of stillbirth, neonatal death and early child childhood death in Zambia.
methodsWe conducted a household-based survey in rural Zambia. Socio-demographic and delivery characteristics were recorded, alongside a maternal HIV test. Verbal autopsy questionnaires were administered to elicit mortality-related information and independently reviewed by three experienced paediatricians who assigned a cause and contributing factor to death. For this secondary analysis, deaths were categorized into: stillbirths (foetal death ≥28 weeks of gestation), neonatal deaths (≤28 days) and early childhood deaths (>28 days to <2 years).
resultsAmong 1679 households, information was collected on 148 deaths: 34% stillbirths, 26% neonatal and 40% early childhood deaths. Leading identifiable causes of stillbirth were intrauterine infection (26%) and birth asphyxia (18%). Of 32 neonatal deaths, 38 (84%) occurred within the first week of life, primarily because of infections (37%) and prematurity (34%). The majority of early childhood deaths were caused by suspected bacterial infections (82%). HIV prevalence was significantly higher in mothers who reported an early childhood death (44%) than mothers who did not (17%; P < 0.01). Factors significantly associated with mortality were lower socio-economic status (P < 0.01), inadequate water or sanitation facilities (P < 0.01), home delivery (P = 0.04) and absence of a trained delivery attendant (P < 0.01).
conclusionWe provide community-level data about the causes of death among children under 2 years of age. Infectious etiologies for mortality ranked highest. At a public health level, such information may have an important role in guiding prevention and treatment strategies to address perinatal and early childhood mortality.
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