ArticleTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2011
Invasive bacterial and fungal infections among hospitalized HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children and infants in northern Tanzania.
Article in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the aetiological agents of non-malarial febrile illnesses in Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Africa and Asia.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Pooled it
- Using hospital-based studies of community-onset bloodstream infections to make inferences about typhoid fever incidence.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2019Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Incidence, Risk Factors and Case Fatality Rates of Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) Disease in Africa (1966 to 2014).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Pooled it
- Etiology of Severe Febrile Illness in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- A Randomized Trial to Assess the Impact of a Package of Diagnostic Tools and Diagnostic Algorithm on Antibiotic Prescriptions for the Management of Febrile Illnesses Among Children and Adolescents in Primary Health Facilities in Burkina Faso.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Prevalence and speciation of brucellosis in febrile patients from a pastoralist community of Tanzania.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- The impact of anthelmintic treatment intervention on malaria infection and anaemia in school and preschool children in Magu district, Tanzania: an open label randomised intervention trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- Malaria and bacteremia in febrile children presenting at a teaching hospital in Kumasi, Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antimalarial drug prescriptions and clinical outcomes of febrile children in Arba Minch City, South Ethiopia.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Derivation and Internal Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model for Diagnosis of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses in Northern Tanzania.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Metagenomic Detection of Bacterial Zoonotic Pathogens among Febrile Patients, Tanzania, 2007-2009Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Leptospirosis Cases among Outpatients with Non-Malaria Fever Attending Primary Care Clinics during the Rainy Season in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Host-response transcriptional biomarkers accurately discriminate bacterial and viral infections of global relevance.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Antibacterial Utilization for Febrile Illnesses and Laboratory-Confirmed Bloodstream Infections in Northern Tanzania.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Differences in diagnosis, management, and outcomes of acute febrile illness by health facility level in southern Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Prospective cohort study reveals unexpected aetiologies of livestock abortion in northern Tanzania.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Facility-based disease surveillance and Bayesian hierarchical modeling to estimate endemic typhoid fever incidence, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, 2007-2018.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Clinical management and outcomes of acute febrile illness in children attending a tertiary hospital in southern Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Prevalence and outcome of HIV infected children admitted in a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo describe the contribution of paediatric HIV and of HIV co-infections to admissions to a hospital in Moshi, Tanzania, using contemporary laboratory methods.
methodsDuring 1 year, we enrolled consecutively admitted patients aged ≥2 months and <13 years with current or recent fever. All patients underwent standardized clinical history taking, a physical examination and HIV antibody testing; standard aerobic blood cultures and malaria film were also done, and hospital outcome was recorded. Early infant HIV diagnosis by HIV-1 RNA PCR was performed on those aged <18 months. HIV-infected patients also received serum cryptococcal antigen testing and had their CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count and percent determined.
resultsA total of 467 patients were enrolled whose median age was 2 years (range 2 months-13 years); Of those patients, 57.2% were female and 12.2% were HIV-infected. Admission clinical diagnosis of HIV disease was made in 10.7% and of malaria in 60.4%. Of blood cultures, 5.8% grew pathogens; of these 25.9% were Salmonella enterica (including 6 Salmonella Typhi) and 22.2%Streptococcus pneumoniae. Plasmodium falciparum was identified on blood film of 1.3%. HIV infection was associated with S. pneumoniae (odds ratio 25.7, 95% CI 2.8, 234.0) bloodstream infection (BSI), but there was no evidence of an association with Escherichia coli or P. falciparum; Salmonella Typhi BSI occurred only among HIV-uninfected participants. The sensitivity and specificity of an admission clinical diagnosis of malaria were 100% and 40.3%; and for an admission diagnosis of bloodstream infection, they were 9.1% and 86.4%, respectively.
conclusionStreptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bloodstream infection among paediatric admissions in Tanzania and is closely associated with HIV infection. Malaria was over-diagnosed clinically, whereas invasive bacterial disease was underestimated. HIV and HIV co-infections contribute to a substantial proportion of paediatric febrile admissions, underscoring the value of routine HIV testing.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.