Trial reportMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2011
Botulinum toxin injections reduce associative plasticity in patients with primary dystonia.
Trial report in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- KinesioTaping after botulinum toxin type A for cervical dystonia in adult patients.Brain and behavior · 2022Trial
- Slowed Movement Stopping in Parkinson's Disease and Focal Dystonia is Improved by Standard Treatment.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Pattern Changes and Recurrent Remissions in Cervical Dystonia: Insights from a Long-Term Treated Case.Toxins · 2026Article
- Layer-Specific Architecture and Nerve Innervation of the Popliteus Muscle: Neuroanatomical Basis for Precision-Guided Interventions for the Knee Joint.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of Botulinum Toxin on Sensori-Motor Integration in Movement Disorders: A Scoping Review.Toxins · 2025Article
- Review
- Predisposing factors to pattern change in cervical dystonia.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Neurosurgical and pharmacological management of dystonia.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- Basis of movement control in dystonia and why botulinum toxin should influence it?Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology · 2024Article
- Pain control due to botulinum toxin therapy in cervical dystonia relates to the sensorimotor integration process.Dystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Short- and Long-term Central Action of Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment in Laryngeal Dystonia.Neurology · 2022Article
- Low-Intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation: Mechanisms of Action and Rationale for Future Applications in Movement Disorders.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- The Use of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of the Dystonias.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Article
- Plasticity and dystonia: a hypothesis shrouded in variability.Experimental brain research · 2020Review
- Evidence for normal intracortical inhibitory recruitment properties in cervical dystonia.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Article
- Intracortical Circuits in the Contralesional Primary Motor Cortex in Patients With Chronic Stroke After Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection: Case Studies.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
- The effects of Botulinum toxin on the detection of gradual changes in facial emotion.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The role of sensory information in the pathophysiology of focal dystonias.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2019Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Botulinum toxin injections ameliorate dystonic symptoms by blocking the neuromuscular junction and weakening dystonic contractions. We asked if botulinum toxin injections in dystonia patients might also affect the integrity of sensorimotor cortical plasticity, one of the key pathophysiological features of dystonia. We applied a paired associative stimulation protocol, known to induce long-term potentiation-like changes in the primary motor cortex hand area to 12 patients with cervical dystonia before and 1 and 3 months after botulinum toxin injections to the neck muscles. Primary motor cortex excitability was probed by measuring transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked motor evoked potentials before and after paired associative stimulation. We also measured the input-output curve, short-interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, short afferent inhibition, and long afferent inhibition in hand muscles and the clinical severity of dystonia. Before botulinum toxin injections, paired associative stimulation significantly facilitated motor evoked potentials in hand muscles. One month after injections, this effect was abolished, with partial recovery after 3 months. There were significant positive correlations between the facilitation produced by paired associative stimulation and (1) the time elapsed since botulinum toxin injections and (2) the clinical dystonia score. One effect of botulinum toxin injection treatment is to modulate afferent input from the neck. We propose that subsequent reorganization of the motor cortex representation of hand muscles may explain the effect of botulinum toxin on motor cortical plasticity. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.