Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21468206›Full record

ReviewBioengineered bugs

Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi: methods and possible underlying mechanism.

Shigeyuki Kawai, Wataru Hashimoto, Kousaku Murata

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Bioengineered bugs. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
101citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

101 citing papers in PubMed.

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  11. Rapid screening system to identify unspecific peroxygenase activity.Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Atomically accurate de novo design of antibodies with RFdiffusion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
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  19. Article
  20. Development of a RobustMicroorganisms · 2024
    Article

41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Shigeyuki KawaiLaboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Wataru Hashimoto
Kousaku Murata

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transformation (i.e., genetic modification of a cell by the incorporation of exogenous DNA) is indispensable for manipulating fungi. Here, we review the transformation methods for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans, Pichia pastoris and Aspergillus species and discuss some common modifications to improve transformation efficiency. We also present a model of the mechanism underlying S. cerevisiae transformation, based on recent reports and the mechanism of transfection in mammalian systems. This model predicts that DNA attaches to the cell wall and enters the cell via endocytotic membrane invagination, although how DNA reaches the nucleus is unknown. Polyethylene glycol is indispensable for successful transformation of intact cells and the attachment of DNA and also possibly acts on the membrane to increase the transformation efficiency. Both lithium acetate and heat shock, which enhance the transformation efficiency of intact cells but not that of spheroplasts, probably help DNA to pass through the cell wall.

Indexed as

Transformation, GeneticAcetatesCell WallDNA, FungalElectroporationEndocytosisFungiPolyethylene GlycolsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSpheroplastsAcetatesDNA, Fungallithium acetatePolyethylene Glycolscell wallelectroporationendocytosisfungilithium acetatepolyethylene glycolSaccharomyces cerevisiaespheroplasttransfectiontransformation

Identifiers

PMID21468206
PMCPMC3056089

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.