Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21468030›Full record

ArticleThe EMBO journal2011

Analysis of the host microRNA response to Salmonella uncovers the control of major cytokines by the let-7 family.

Leon N Schulte, Ana Eulalio, Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf, Richard Reinhardt, Jörg Vogel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The EMBO journal, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 192 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
192citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

192 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Innate immunity: current understandings and future perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles reduceAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Non-coding RNA Networks in Infection.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2024
    Review
  20. Article

132 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Leon N SchulteInstitute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Ana Eulalio
Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf
Richard Reinhardt
Jörg Vogel

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

MicroRNAs have well-established roles in eukaryotic host responses to viruses and extracellular bacterial pathogens. In contrast, microRNA responses to invasive bacteria have remained unknown. Here, we report cell type-dependent microRNA regulations upon infection of mammalian cells with the enteroinvasive pathogen, Salmonella Typhimurium. Murine macrophages strongly upregulate NF-κB associated microRNAs; strikingly, these regulations which are induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) occur and persist regardless of successful host invasion and/or replication, or whether an inflammatory response is mounted, suggesting that microRNAs belong to the first line of anti-bacterial defence. However, a suppression of the global immune regulator miR-155 in endotoxin-tolerant macrophages revealed that microRNA responses also depend on the status of infected cells. This study identifies the let-7 family as the common denominator of Salmonella-regulated microRNAs in macrophages and epithelial cells, and suggests that repression of let-7 relieves cytokine IL-6 and IL-10 mRNAs from negative post-transcriptional control. Our results establish a paradigm of microRNA-mediated feed-forward activation of inflammatory factors when mammalian cells are targeted by bacterial pathogens.

Indexed as

Immunity, InnateAnimalsCell LineEpithelial CellsGene Expression RegulationHumansInterleukin-10Interleukin-6LipopolysaccharidesMacrophagesMiceMicroRNAsSalmonella typhimuriumToll-Like Receptor 4Interleukin-10Interleukin-6LipopolysaccharidesMicroRNAsmirnlet7 microRNA, humanmirnlet7 microRNA, mouseToll-Like Receptor 4

Identifiers

PMID21468030
PMCPMC3098495

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.