ArticleThe Plant cell2011
GUN4-porphyrin complexes bind the ChlH/GUN5 subunit of Mg-Chelatase and promote chlorophyll biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
Article in The Plant cell, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Convergent roles of BcGUN4.1, BcSG1, BcCHLH, and BcTPR4 in regulating the leaf greenness of non-heading Chinese cabbage.Molecular horticulture · 2026Article
- How tomato leaves stay green: the role of SlGRAS17 and its partners.Plant physiology · 2026Article
- Map-based cloning and functional validation of ClChlH governing yellow rind color in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus).TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
- Plastids in a Pinch: Coordinating Stress and Developmental Responses Through Retrograde Signalling.Plant, cell & environment · 2025Review
- Sowing Methods and Strigolactones Alleviate Damage to the Photosynthetic System of Rice Seedlings Under Salt Stress by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrative Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analysis of a Cotton MutantPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploring the interplay between angiosperm chlorophyll metabolism and environmental factors.Planta · 2024Review
- QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis reveal two major loci regulating green leaf color in non-heading Chinese cabbage.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2024Article
- Genome-Wide Analysis of thePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Molecular Insights into the Synergistic Effects of Putrescine and Ammonium on Dinoflagellates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Chlorophyll biosynthesis under the control of arginine metabolism.Cell reports · 2023Article
- The Chemical Composition and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of Color Formation in Tea (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A Frameshift Mutation in the Mg-Chelatase I Subunit GenePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of a yellow leaf mutant in watermelon.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- GUN4 appeared early in cyanobacterial evolution.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
- Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis Provides Insight into Leaf Color and Photosynthesis Variation of the Yellow-Green Leaf Mutant of Hami Melon (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Retrograde signaling in plants: A critical review focusing on the GUN pathway and beyond.Plant communications · 2023Review
- Metabolic and Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Etiolated Mechanism in Huangyu Tea (International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Post-translational regulation of metabolic checkpoints in plant tetrapyrrole biosynthesis.Journal of experimental botany · 2022Review
- GWAS on multiple traits identifies mitochondrial ACONITASE3 as important for acclimation to submergence stress.Plant physiology · 2022Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The GENOMES UNCOUPLED4 (GUN4) protein stimulates chlorophyll biosynthesis by activating Mg-chelatase, the enzyme that commits protoporphyrin IX to chlorophyll biosynthesis. This stimulation depends on GUN4 binding the ChlH subunit of Mg-chelatase and the porphyrin substrate and product of Mg-chelatase. After binding porphyrins, GUN4 associates more stably with chloroplast membranes and was proposed to promote interactions between ChlH and chloroplast membranes-the site of Mg-chelatase activity. GUN4 was also proposed to attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by binding and shielding light-exposed porphyrins from collisions with O₂. To test these proposals, we first engineered Arabidopsis thaliana plants that express only porphyrin binding-deficient forms of GUN4. Using these transgenic plants and particular mutants, we found that the porphyrin binding activity of GUN4 and Mg-chelatase contribute to the accumulation of chlorophyll, GUN4, and Mg-chelatase subunits. Also, we found that the porphyrin binding activity of GUN4 and Mg-chelatase affect the associations of GUN4 and ChlH with chloroplast membranes and have various effects on the expression of ROS-inducible genes. Based on our findings, we conclude that ChlH and GUN4 use distinct mechanisms to associate with chloroplast membranes and that mutant alleles of GUN4 and Mg-chelatase genes cause sensitivity to intense light by a mechanism that is potentially complex.
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