ArticleHealth research policy and systems2011
Effect of household and village characteristics on financial catastrophe and impoverishment due to health care spending in Western and Central Rural China: A multilevel analysis.
Article in Health research policy and systems, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multidimensional poverty and health: an analysis of multidimensional poverty and its influencing factors among rural residents in Western China from a health ecology perspective.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- The impact of urban-rural medical insurance integration on medical impoverishment: evidence from China.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) among Cancer Population in a Middle Income Country with Universal Healthcare Financing.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- What are the factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure in Colombia? A multi-level analysis.PloS one · 2023Article
- Spatial disparities in impoverishing effects of out-of-pocket health payments in Malawi.Global health action · 2022Article
- Hygienic Risk Exposures Across Ethnic Groups in Rural Areas of Guangxi, China: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Perceptions of Policy.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Article
- Article
- Does inpatient health services utilization vary by remoteness in the medical financial assistance population? Evidence from Shaanxi province, China.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Effect of health insurance program for the poor on out-of-pocket inpatient care cost in India: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Determinants of Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure: A Systematic Review.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2019Review
- Changes in catastrophic health expenditure in post-conflict Sierra Leone: an Oaxaca-blinder decomposition analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2017Article
- Is the medical financial assistance program an effective supplement to social health insurance for low-income households in China? A cross-sectional study.International journal for equity in health · 2017Article
- Inequalities in financial risk protection in Bangladesh: an assessment of universal health coverage.International journal for equity in health · 2017Article
- Distribution and Determinants of Out-of-pocket Healthcare Expenditures in Bangladesh.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2017Article
- Inpatient Treatment for the Middle-aged and Elderly in Central China.Frontiers in public health · 2017Article
- Does the new cooperative medical scheme reduce inequality in catastrophic health expenditure in rural China?BMC health services research · 2016Article
- Effects of China's New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme on reducing medical impoverishment in rural Yanbian: An alternative approach.BMC health services research · 2016Article
- Differences in the distribution of risk factors for stroke among the high-risk population in urban and rural areas of Eastern China.Brain and behavior · 2016Article
- Are free anti-tuberculosis drugs enough? An empirical study from three cities in China.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2015Article
- Household catastrophic medical expenses in eastern China: determinants and policy implications.BMC health services research · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe study aimed to examine the effect of household and community characteristics on financial catastrophe and impoverishment due to health payment in Western and Central Rural China.
methodsA household survey was conducted in 2008 in Hebei and Shaanxi provinces and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region using a multi-stage sampling technique. Independent variables included village characteristics, household income, chronic illness status, health care use and health spending. A composite contextual variable, named village deprivation, was derived from socio-economic status and availability of health care facilities in each village using factor analysis. Dependent variables were whether household health payment was more than 40% of household's capacity to pay (catastrophic health payment) and whether household per capita income was put under Chinese national poverty line (1067 Yuan income per year) after health spending (impoverishment). Mixed effects logistic regression was used to assess the effect of the independent variables on the two outcomes.
resultsHouseholds with low per capita income, having elderly, hospitalized or chronically ill members, and whose head was unemployed were more likely to incur financial catastrophe and impoverishment due to health expenditure. Both catastrophic and impoverishing health payments increased with increased village deprivation. However, the presence of a village health clinic had no effect on the two outcomes, nor did household enrollment in the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (national health insurance).
conclusionsVillage deprivation independently increases the risk for financial hardship due to health payment after adjusting for known household-level factors. This suggests that policy makers need to view the individual, household and village as separate units for policy targeting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.