Trial reportNeurology2011
Interferon β-1b and glatiramer acetate effects on permanent black hole evolution.
Trial report in Neurology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natalizumab and Tyruko (natalizumab biosimilar) for treating highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after at least one disease-modifying therapy: a systematic review and economic model.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Interferons-beta versus glatiramer acetate for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Peginterferon beta-1a reduces the evolution of MRI lesions to black holes in patients with RRMS: a post hoc analysis from the ADVANCE study.Journal of neurology · 2017Trial
- Effect of glatiramer acetate three-times weekly on the evolution of new, active multiple sclerosis lesions into T1-hypointense "black holes": a post hoc magnetic resonance imaging analysis.Journal of neurology · 2015Trial
- The Effect of Three Times a Week Glatiramer Acetate on Cerebral T1 Hypointense Lesions in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of NeuroimagingTrial
- Comprehensive and In-Depth Molecular and Pathway Studies of the Hippocampus in Alzheimer's Disease.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Modulation in Neurological Disorders: Insights from MS and Stroke.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Effects of fingolimod on focal and diffuse damage in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis - The "EVOLUTION" study.Journal of neurology · 2024Observational
- Evolution of acute "black hole" lesions in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2023Observational
- Defining Disease Activity and Response to Therapy in MS.Current treatment options in neurology · 2017Review
- Longitudinal time-domain optic coherence study of retinal nerve fiber layer in IFNβ-treated and untreated multiple sclerosis patients.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2016Article
- Dimethyl fumarate in the management of multiple sclerosis: appropriate patient selection and special considerations.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2016Review
- Clinical and experimental studies of multiple sclerosis in Russia: experience of the leading national research centers.Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease · 2015Article
- Current perspectives on interferon Beta-1b for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.Advances in therapy · 2014Review
- How type I interferons work in multiple sclerosis and other diseases: some unexpected mechanisms.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2014Review
- Two decades of subcutaneous glatiramer acetate injection: current role of the standard dose, and new high-dose low-frequency glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treatment.Patient preference and adherence · 2014Review
- Review
- Interferon-beta-1b-induced short- and long-term signatures of treatment activity in multiple sclerosis.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2013Article
- Aberrant Type I Interferon Regulation in Autoimmunity: Opposite Directions in MS and SLE, Shaped by Evolution and Body Ecology.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare interferon β-1b (IFNβ-1b) and glatiramer acetate (GA) on new lesion (NL) (gadolinium-enhancing, new T2) evolution into permanent black holes (PBH)--a marker of irreversible tissue damage--in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
methodsBEYOND was a large, phase III, clinical trial comparing IFNβ-1b 250 μg, IFNβ-1b 500 μg, and GA (2:2:1). Patient scans were reexamined post hoc for PBH in a rater-blinded manner. Two predefined coprimary endpoints compared IFNβ-1b 250 μg with GA: first, number of PBH per patient at year 2 evolving from year 1 NL, then proportion of year 1 NL evolving into PBH at year 2. IFNβ-1b 500 μg and GA were compared in an exploratory fashion.
resultsApproximately 90% (1,957/2,244) of patients had NL at year 1 with follow-up at year 2. Mean numbers of PBH per patient at year 2 evolving from year 1 NL were lower for IFNβ-1b 250 μg than GA (0.30 vs 0.43; p = 0.0451). The proportion of NL evolving into PBH was similar (IFNβ-1b 250 μg vs GA: 21.6% vs 23.5%; p > 0.20). For IFNβ-1b 500 μg, both the mean PBH number per patient at year 2 evolving from year 1 NL (0.26 vs 0.43; p = 0.0037) and proportion of NL evolving into PBH (16.3% vs 23.5%; p = 0.0409) were lower relative to GA.
conclusionIFNβ-1b affected PBH development to a similar or better extent than GA. IFNβ-1b favorably influences an MRI outcome indicative of permanent tissue destruction in the brains of patients with multiple sclerosis. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III evidence that IFNβ-1b is associated with a reduction in MRI PBH formation and evolution compared with GA between years 1 and 2 of treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.