ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2011
Cholesterol enhances Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics and LL-37.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Volatile Organic Compounds in Human Exhaled Breath to Diagnose Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Quadruple therapy with moxifloxacin and bismuth for first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori.World journal of gastroenterology · 2012Trial
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- Cholesterol sulfate signaling facilitates persistent colonization of mucoid-coccoid H. pylori in gastric environment.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Hypercholesterolemia enhances early dissemination and Borrelia burgdorferi burden in a mouse model.Microbial pathogenesis · 2025Article
- Statins, Allies against Antibiotic Resistance?Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
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- Comparative evaluation of bioactive phytochemicals in Spinacia oleracea cultivated under greenhouse and open field conditions.Archives of pharmacal research · 2022Article
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- Identification of Antibacterial Sterols from Korean Wild MushroomMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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- Role of lipid rafts in persistentAnnals of translational medicine · 2022Review
- First Chemical Investigation of Korean Wild Mushroom,Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Two New Fatty Acid Derivatives, Omphalotols A and B and Anti-Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Interaction between bacteria and cholesterol crystals: Implications for endocarditis and atherosclerosis.PloS one · 2022Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori steals host cholesterol, modifies it by glycosylation, and incorporates the glycosylated cholesterol onto its surface via a cholesterol glucosyltransferase, encoded by cgt. The impact of cholesterol on H. pylori antimicrobial resistance is unknown. H. pylori strain 26695 was cultured in Ham's F12 chemically defined medium in the presence or absence of cholesterol. The two cultures were subjected to overnight incubations with serial 2-fold dilutions of 12 antibiotics, six antifungals, and seven antimicrobial peptides (including LL-37 cathelicidin and human alpha and beta defensins). Of 25 agents tested, cholesterol-grown H. pylori cells were substantially more resistant (over 100-fold) to nine agents than were H. pylori cells grown without cholesterol. These nine agents included eight antibiotics and LL-37. H. pylori was susceptible to the antifungal drug pimaricin regardless of cholesterol presence in the culture medium. A cgt mutant retained cholesterol-dependent resistance to most antimicrobials but displayed increased susceptibility to colistin, suggesting an involvement of lipid A. Mutation of lpxE, encoding lipid A1-phosphatase, led to loss of cholesterol-dependent resistance to polymyxin B and colistin but not other antimicrobials tested. The cgt mutant was severely attenuated in gerbils, indicating that glycosylation is essential in vivo. These findings suggest that cholesterol plays a vital role in virulence and contributes to the intrinsic antibiotic resistance of H. pylori.
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