ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2011
Epidemiology and management of painful procedures in children in Canadian hospitals.
Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 104 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Be Sweet to Toddlers During Needles: RCT of Sucrose Compared to Placebo
Sustainability of a Multidimensional Knowledge Translation Intervention to Improve Paediatric Pain Practices and Outcomes
40% Orally Administered Dextrose Gel is More Effective Than 25% Dextrose But Not Sufficiently Reliefs Acute Pain in Term Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparing The Effectiveness of Tracing Image and Coloring for Kids-Book With Two Active Distractions on Pain and Fear in Children During Venipuncture: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 325 citations in OpenAlex.
- Venepuncture versus heel lance for blood sampling in term neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Virtual reality distraction for acute pain in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Pain and distress outcomes in infants and children: a systematic review.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of distraction and hypnosis for needle-related pain and distress in children and adolescents.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2014Pooled it
- Quality indicators for the assessment and management of pain in the emergency department: a systematic review.Pain research & managementPooled it
- Trial
- Comparison of trace image colors for kids-book with two active distractions in reducing pain and fear of children during the venipuncture procedure.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Virtual reality hypnosis for needle-related procedural pain and fear management in children: a non-inferiority randomized trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Trial
- Effects of an Immersive Virtual Reality Intervention on Pain and Anxiety Among Pediatric Patients Undergoing Venipuncture: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Osteopathic manipulative treatment and pain in preterms: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.Trials · 2015Trial
- Matching doses of distraction with child risk for distress during a medical procedure: a randomized clinical trial.Nursing researchTrial
- Exploring the feasibility of the my hospital passport app: Helping children identify and share coping preferences in medical procedures.PEC innovation · 2026Article
- Caregivers' perceptions, knowledge, and perceived barriers to pediatric procedural pain management: a cross-sectional study.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Surgery resident pain knowledge and perceptions: gaps and implications for medical training in Canada.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Multimodal distraction reduces intravenous cannulation pain and anxiety in preschoolers: Controlled prospective study.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildren being cared for in hospital undergo multiple painful procedures daily. However, little is known about the frequency of these procedures and associated interventions to manage the pain. We undertook this study to determine, for children in Canadian hospitals, the frequency of painful procedures, the types of pain management interventions associated with painful procedures and the influence of the type of hospital unit on procedural pain management.
methodsWe reviewed medical charts for infants and children up to 18 years of age who had been admitted to 32 inpatient units at eight Canadian pediatric hospitals between October 2007 and April 2008. We recorded all of the painful procedures performed and the pain management interventions that had been implemented in the 24-hour period preceding data collection. We performed descriptive and comparative (analysis of variance, χ(2)) analyses.
resultsOf the 3822 children included in the study, 2987 (78.2%) had undergone at least one painful procedure in the 24-hour period preceding data collection, for a total of 18 929 painful procedures (mean 6.3 per child who had any painful procedure). For 2334 (78.1%) of the 2987 children who had a painful procedure, a pain management intervention in the previous 24 hours was documented in the chart: 1980 (84.8%) had a pharmacologic intervention, 609 (26.1%) a physical intervention, 584 (25.0%) a psychologic intervention and 753 (32.3%) a combination of interventions. However, for only 844 (28.3%) of the 2987 children was one or more pain management interventions administered and documented specifically for a painful procedure. Pediatric intensive care units reported the highest proportion of painful procedures and analgesics administered.
interpretationFor less than one-third of painful procedures was there documentation of one or more specific pain management interventions. Strategies for implementing changes in pain management must be tailored to the type of hospital unit.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.