ArticleAutophagy2011
Characterization of macroautophagic flux in vivo using a leupeptin-based assay.
Article in Autophagy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of autophagy in ocular health: mechanisms, pathologies, and therapeutic strategies.Biology direct · 2026Pooled it
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)Autophagy · 2021Guideline
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition).Autophagy · 2016Guideline
- Guideline
- Cardiometabolic stress induces HFpEF with impaired bioenergetics and disrupted proteostasis in aged female mice.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2026Article
- Failure of efficient cardiac proteostatic adaptations to chronic cAMP-stress is associated with accelerated heart aging.GeroScience · 2026Article
- MTOR signaling regulates the development of airway mucous cell metaplasia associated with severe asthma.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Loss of ovarian function prevents exercise-induced activation of hepatic mitophagic flux.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- A Natural Autophagy Activator Castanea crenata Flower Alleviates Skeletal Muscle Ageing.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Assessment of Autophagy in Leishmania Parasites.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Autophagy across tissues of aging mice.PloS one · 2025Article
- Hepatic malonyl-CoA synthesis restrains gluconeogenesis by suppressing fat oxidation, pyruvate carboxylation, and amino acid availability.Cell metabolism · 2024Article
- Understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in lung disease pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Chloroquine impairs maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure generation in old mice.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2023Article
- Analysis of ATG4C functionAutophagy · 2023Article
- Pax transactivation domain-interacting protein is required for preserving hematopoietic stem cell quiescence via regulating lysosomal activity.Haematologica · 2023Article
- Autophagy ablation in skeletal muscles worsens sepsis-induced muscle wasting, impairs whole-body metabolism, and decreases survival.iScience · 2023Article
- Inhibition of macrophages inflammasome activationFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Acute exercise dynamically modulates the hepatic mitochondrial proteome.Molecular omics · 2022Article
- The Proteostasis Network: A Global Therapeutic Target for Neuroprotection after Spinal Cord Injury.Cells · 2022Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that is crucial for organ homeostasis in mammals. However, methods to directly measure macroautophagic activity (or flux) in vivo are limited. In this study we developed a quantitative macroautophagic flux assay based on measuring LC3b protein turnover in vivo after administering the protease inhibitor leupeptin. Using this assay we then characterized basal macroautophagic flux in different mouse organs. We found that the rate of LC3b accumulation after leupeptin treatment was greatest in the liver and lowest in spleen. Interestingly we found that LC3a, an ATG8/LC3b homologue and the LC3b-interacting protein p62 were degraded with similar kinetics to LC3b. However, the LC3b-related proteins GABARAP and GATE-16 were not rapidly turned over in mouse liver, implying that different LC3b homologues may contribute to macroautophagy via distinct mechanisms. Nutrient starvation augmented macroautophagic flux as measured by our assay, while refeeding the animals after a period of starvation significantly suppressed flux. We also confirmed that beclin 1 heterozygous mice had reduced basal macroautophagic flux compared to wild-type littermates. These results illustrate the usefulness of our leupeptin-based assay for studying the dynamics of macroautophagy in mice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.