Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2011
Early weaning increases diarrhea morbidity and mortality among uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers in Zambia.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00310726 (Short Duration Exclusive Breastfeeding With Abrupt Weaning to Reduce the Risk of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Short Duration Exclusive Breastfeeding With Abrupt Weaning to Reduce the Risk of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology of Rotavirus in Humans, Animals, and the Environment in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission in breastfeeding mothers with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of postnatal interventions for the reduction of vertical HIV transmission on infant growth and non-HIV infections: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2013Pooled it
- Infectious Morbidity, Mortality and Nutrition in HIV-exposed, Uninfected, Formula-fed Infants: Results From the HPTN 040/PACTG 1043 Trial.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Trial
- Formula-Feeding of HIV-Exposed Uninfected African Children Is Associated with Faster Growth in Length during the First 6 Months of Life in the Kesho Bora Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2017Trial
- Complementary Feeding and Diarrhea and Respiratory Infection Among HIV-Exposed Tanzanian Infants.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- Lipid-based nutrient supplements are feasible as a breastmilk replacement for HIV-exposed infants from 24 to 48 weeks of age.The Journal of nutrition · 2013Trial
- Pooled individual data analysis of 5 randomized trials of infant nevirapine prophylaxis to prevent breast-milk HIV-1 transmission.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2013Trial
- Maternal and infant antiretroviral regimens to prevent postnatal HIV-1 transmission: 48-week follow-up of the BAN randomised controlled trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2012Trial
- Infant outcomes after maternal antiretroviral exposure in resource-limited settings.Pediatrics · 2012Trial
- Women's knowledge, attitudes and practices related to mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-1 in Peru.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Diarrheal microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles drive intestinal homeostasis dysfunction via miR-125b/NF-κB-mediated macrophage polarization.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Risk of hospitalization or death does not differ in children exposed to HIV, yet uninfected compared to nonexposed peers in Lusaka, Zambia.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Poorer Longitudinal Growth Among HIV Exposed Compared With Unexposed Infants in Kenya.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
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- Article
- Breastfeeding Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in North America: A Multisite Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Assessment of prescription pattern of under-five diarrhea cases in Western Odisha.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- HIV/Tuberculosis Coinfection in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly weaning may reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission but may have deleterious consequences for uninfected children. Here we evaluate effects of early weaning on diarrhea morbidity and mortality of uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers.
methodsHIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia, were randomly assigned to breastfeeding for 4 months only or to continue breastfeeding until the mother decided to stop. Replacement and complementary foods were provided and all women were counseled around feeding and hygiene. Diarrhea morbidity and mortality were assessed in 618 HIV-uninfected singletons alive and still breastfeeding at 4 months. Intent-to-treat analyses and comparisons based on actual feeding practices were conducted using regression methods.
resultsBetween 4 and 6 months, diarrheal episodes were 1.8-fold (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-2.4) higher in the short compared with long breastfeeding group. Associations were stronger based on actual feeding practices and persisted after adjustment for confounding. At older ages, only more severe outcomes, including diarrhea-related hospitalization or death (relative hazard [RH], 3.2, 95% CI, 2.1-5.1 increase 4-24 months), were increased among weaned children.
conclusionsContinued breastfeeding is associated with reduced risk of diarrhea-related morbidity and mortality among uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers in this low-resource setting despite provision of replacement and complementary food and counseling. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT00310726.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.