ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2011
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands inhibit transforming growth factor-beta-induced, hyaluronan-dependent, T cell adhesion to orbital fibroblasts.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin inhibits PDGFβ signaling to suppress hyaluronan and cytokine production in thyroid eye disease.Experimental eye research · 2026Article
- The therapeutic revolution in thyroid eye disease: from orbital radiotherapy to teprotumumab and AI.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Unravelling the pathogenic mechanisms in Graves' orbitopathy.European thyroid journal · 2025Review
- Article
- Targeting the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Attenuate IGF1R Signaling in Thyroid Eye Disease.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Thyroid Eye Disease Pathogenesis: From Immune Dysregulations to Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Advancing therapeutic frontiers: a pipeline of novel drugs for luminal and perianal Crohn's disease management.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Mechanisms That Underly T Cell Immunity in Graves' Orbitopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- The aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway controls matrix metalloproteinase-1 and collagen levels in human orbital fibroblasts.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Molecular biomarkers of Graves' ophthalmopathy.Experimental and molecular pathology · 2019Review
- Immunological Aspects of Graves' Ophthalmopathy.BioMed research international · 2019Review
- The role of cell mediated immunopathogenesis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.International journal of ophthalmology · 2019Review
- Anti-fibrogenic effect of PPAR-γ agonists in human intestinal myofibroblasts.BMC gastroenterology · 2017Article
- TSH-receptor-expressing fibrocytes and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2015Review
- Salinomycin and other polyether ionophores are a new class of antiscarring agent.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2015Article
- Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Ocular Diseases.Journal of ophthalmology · 2015Review
- Current concepts in the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2014Review
- Orbital fibroblasts from thyroid eye disease patients differ in proliferative and adipogenic responses depending on disease subtype.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2013Article
- Thiazolidinediones inhibit airway smooth muscle release of the chemokine CXCL10: in vitro comparison with current asthma therapies.Respiratory research · 2012Article
- Molecular targets related to inflammation and insulin resistance and potential interventions.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease is characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes and accumulation of hyaluronan (HA) in orbital tissue. Inflamed orbital tissue expands in size due to excessive HA and to the formation of scar tissue (fibrosis) and/or adipose accumulation. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) acts as a key inducer of fibrosis by enhancing extracellular matrix production. Treatment of primary human orbital fibroblasts with TGF-β led to significant increases in both HA synthesis and secretion. TGF-β also strongly induced hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) and HAS2 mRNA levels, which increased 50- and 6-fold, respectively. Remarkably, the addition of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) ligands pioglitazone (Pio) or rosiglitazone (Rosi) to TGF-β-treated orbital fibroblasts attenuated HA synthesis and reduced HAS1 and HAS2 mRNA levels. The attenuation of TGF-β function by Pio and Rosi was independent of PPARγ activity. Furthermore, Pio and Rosi treatment inhibited TGF-β-induced T cell adhesion to orbital fibroblasts. Our findings demonstrate that TGF-β plays an important role in HA synthesis and in the inflammatory response by enhancing or facilitating inflammatory cell infiltration and adhesion to orbital tissue. Pio and Rosi exhibit anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory activity and may be useful in treating thyroid eye disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.