ArticleBMC health services research2011
Agreement between aggregate and individual-level measures of income and education: a comparison across three patient groups.
Article in BMC health services research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Evaluation for causal effects of socioeconomic traits on risk of female genital prolapse (FGP): a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis.BMC medical genomics · 2023Article
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- Neighbourhood socioeconomic improvement, residential mobility and premature death: a population-based cohort study and inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic Status and Medication Use in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Scoping Review.Arthritis care & research · 2023Article
- Describing and assessing a new method of approximating categorical individual-level income using community-level income from the census (weighting by income probabilities).Health services research · 2022Article
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- Rising inequality of infant health in the U.S.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Comparison of individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status in case mix adjustment of hospital performance in primary total hip replacement in Sweden: a register-based study.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Agreement between area- and individual-level income measures in a population-based cohort: Implications for population health research.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status are more correlated with individual-level measures in urban areas compared with less urban areas.Annals of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Combining Nonclinical Determinants of Health and Clinical Data for Research and Evaluation: Rapid Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2019Review
- Differences in hospitalizations, emergency room admissions, and outpatient visits among Mexican-American Medicare beneficiaries.BMC geriatrics · 2019Article
- Public housing and healthcare use: an investigation using linked administrative data.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2019Article
- Estimation of the Ecological Fallacy in the Geographical Analysis of the Association of Socio-Economic Deprivation and Cancer Incidence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- The usefulness of small-area-based socioeconomic characteristics in assessing the treatment outcomes of type 2 diabetes patients: a register-based mixed-effect study.BMC public health · 2018Article
- Comparing individual and area-based income measures: impact on analysis of inequality in smoking, obesity, and diabetes rates in Canadians 2003-2013.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe association between lower socioeconomic status and poorer health outcomes has been observed using both individual-level and aggregate-level measures of income and education. While both are predictive of health outcomes, previous research indicates poor agreement between individual-level and aggregate-level measures. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of agreement between aggregate-level and individual-level measures of income and education among three distinct patient groups, specifically asthma, diabetes, and rheumatoid patients.
methodsIndividual-level measures of annual household income and education were derived from three separate surveys conducted among patients with asthma (n = 359), diabetes (n = 281) and rheumatoid arthritis (n = 275). Aggregate-level measures of income and education were derived from the 2001 Canadian census, including both census tract-and dissemination area-level measures. Cross-tabulations of individual-level income by aggregate-level income were used to determine the percentage of income classifications in agreement. The kappa statistic (simple and weighted), Spearman's rank correlations, and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were also calculated. Individual-level and aggregate-level education was compared using Chi-Square tests within patient groups. Point biserial correlation coefficients between individual-level and aggregate-level education were computed.
resultsIndividual-level income was poorly correlated with aggregate-level measures, which provided the worst estimations of income among patients in the lowest income category at the individual-level. Both aggregate-level measures were best at approximating individual-level income in patients with diabetes, in whom aggregate-level estimates were only significantly different from individual-level measures for patients in the lowest income category. Among asthma patients, the proportion of patients classified by aggregate-level measures as having a university degree was significantly lower than that classified by individual-level measures. Among diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis patients, differences between aggregate and individual-level measures of education were not significant.
conclusionsAgreement between individual-level and aggregate-level measures of socioeconomic status may depend on the patient group as well as patient income. Research is needed to characterize differences between patient groups and help guide the choice of measures of socioeconomic status.
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