ArticleJournal of neurophysiology2011
Motor nucleus activity fails to predict extraocular muscle forces in ocular convergence.
Article in Journal of neurophysiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Linear Viscoelasticity of Human Ocular Tissues During Tensile Stress Relaxation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Neural Innervation of Cyclovertical Extraocular Muscles During Asymmetric Vertical Vergence.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Neural Control of Vergence and Ocular Accommodation.Annual review of vision science · 2025Review
- Subsets of extraocular motoneurons produce kinematically distinct saccades during hunting and exploration.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Author Response to Letter Regarding IOVS Publication "Investigation of Selective Innervation of Extraocular Muscle".Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Investigation of Selective Innervation of Extraocular Muscle Compartments.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Reduced activity of vertically acting motoneurons during convergence.Journal of neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Neural control of rapid binocular eye movements: Saccade-vergence burst neurons.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Is Primate Lens Accommodation Unilaterally or Bilaterally Controlled?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Letter to the Editor of IOVS From Joseph L. Demer and Robert A. Clark Regarding Joel M. Miller, "EOM Pulleys and Sequelae: A Critical Review".Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Functional architecture underlying binocular coordination of eye position and velocity in the larval zebrafish hindbrain.BMC biology · 2019Article
- Functional anatomy of extraocular muscles during human vergence compensation of horizontal heterophoria.Journal of neurophysiology · 2019Article
- Translation and eccentric rotation in ocular motor modeling.Progress in brain research · 2019Article
- Functional anatomy of human extraocular muscles during fusional divergence.Journal of neurophysiology · 2018Article
- Neural Plasticity Following Surgical Correction of Strabismus in Monkeys.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2018Article
- Composition, Architecture, and Functional Implications of the Connective Tissue Network of the Extraocular Muscles.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2018Article
- Finite Element Biomechanics of Optic Nerve Sheath Traction in Adduction.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2017Article
- A central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to medial rectus motoneurons supplying singly and multiply innervated extraocular muscle fibers.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2017Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates compartmental muscle mechanisms of human vertical fusional vergence.Journal of neurophysiology · 2015Article
- Abnormal activity of neurons in abducens nucleus of strabismic monkeys.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For a given eye position, firing rates of abducens neurons (ABNs) generally (Mays et al. 1984), and lateral rectus (LR) motoneurons (MNs) in particular (Gamlin et al. 1989a), are higher in converged gaze than when convergence is relaxed, whereas LR and medial rectus (MR) muscle forces are slightly lower (Miller et al. 2002). Here, we confirm this finding for ABNs, report a similarly paradoxical finding for neurons in the MR subdivision of the oculomotor nucleus (MRNs), and, for the first time, simultaneously confirm the opposing sides of these paradoxes by recording physiological LR and MR forces. Four trained rhesus monkeys with binocular eye coils and custom muscle force transducers on the horizontal recti of one eye fixated near and far targets, making conjugate saccades and symmetric and asymmetric vergence movements of 16-27°. Consistent with earlier findings, we found in 44 ABNs that the slope of the rate-position relationship for symmetric vergence (k(V)) was lower than that for conjugate movement (k(C)) at distance, i.e., mean k(V)/k(C) = 0.50, which implies stronger LR innervation in convergence. We also found in 39 MRNs that mean k(V)/k(C) = 1.53, implying stronger MR innervation in convergence as well. Despite there being stronger innervation in convergence at a given eye position, we found both LR and MR muscle forces to be slightly lower in convergence, -0.40 and -0.20 g, respectively. We conclude that the relationship of ensemble MN activity to total oculorotary muscle force is different in converged gaze than when convergence is relaxed. We conjecture that LRMNs with k(V) < k(C) and MRMNs with k(V) > k(C) innervate muscle fibers that are weak, have mechanical coupling that attenuates their effective oculorotary force, or serve some nonoculorotary, regulatory function.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.