ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2011
Differential persistence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance mutation classes.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance: an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Switching to Daily Doravirine/Islatravir (100/0.25 mg) Maintains Viral Suppression Through Week 48 Despite Baseline Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance-Associated Mutations or M184I/V in Proviral DNA.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Persistence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance mutations associated with fitness costs and viral genetic backgrounds.PLoS pathogens · 2015Trial
- Increase in transmitted resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Europe.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in Shanghai, 2018-2024: population mobility shapes cross-population TDR transmission dynamics.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- A national cross-sectional analysis of surveillance drug resistance mutations among recently diagnosed antiretroviral naïve Brazilian people with HIV.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Pre-treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance in Hunan: a cross-sectional analysis of a growing challenge.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Lenacapavir-associated drug resistance: implications for scaling up long-acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.The lancet. HIV · 2025Review
- HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in newly diagnosed individuals in Italy over the period 2015-21.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Characteristics of drug resistance mutations in ART-experienced HIV-1 patients with low-level viremia in Zhengzhou City, China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Dolutegravir-associated resistance mutations after first-line treatment failure in Brazil.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- HIV-1 DNA Testing in Viremic Patients Identifies More Drug Resistance Than HIV-1 RNA Testing.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Genotypic Resistance Testing of HIV-1 DNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Diagnoses in the United States, 2014-2018.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Fitness Cost of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations on thePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Pretreatment and Acquired Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Among Persons Living With HIV in Four African Countries.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Article
- Temporal Trends in HIV-1 Mutations Used for the Surveillance of Transmitted Drug Resistance.Viruses · 2021Article
- Addressing Pediatric HIV Pretreatment Drug Resistance and Virologic Failure in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Diagnostic-Based Strategies in Children ≥3 Years Old.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTransmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance (TDR) mutations can become replaced over time by emerging wild-type viral variants with improved fitness. The impact of class-specific mutations on this rate of mutation replacement is uncertain.
methodsWe studied participants with acute and/or early HIV infection and TDR in 2 cohorts (San Francisco, California, and São Paulo, Brazil). We followed baseline mutations longitudinally and compared replacement rates between mutation classes with use of a parametric proportional hazards model.
resultsAmong 75 individuals with 195 TDR mutations, M184V/I became undetectable markedly faster than did nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (hazard ratio, 77.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.7-408.2; P<.0001), while protease inhibitor and NNRTI replacement rates were similar. Higher plasma HIV-1 RNA level predicted faster mutation replacement, but this was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 1.71 log(10) copies/mL; 95% CI, .90-3.25 log(10) copies/mL; P=.11). We found substantial person-to-person variability in mutation replacement rates not accounted for by viral load or mutation class (P<.0001).
conclusionsThe rapid replacement of M184V/I mutations is consistent with known fitness costs. The long-term persistence of NNRTI and protease inhibitor mutations suggests a risk for person-to-person propagation. Host and/or viral factors not accounted for by viral load or mutation class are likely influencing mutation replacement and warrant further study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.