ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2011
Sea urchin tube feet are photosensory organs that express a rhabdomeric-like opsin and PAX6.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-nucleus profiling highlights the all-brain echinoderm nervous system.Science advances · 2025Article
- Functional Analyses of Four Cryptochromes From Aquatic Organisms After Heterologous Expression inJournal of biological rhythms · 2024Article
- More than a colour; how pigment influences colourblind microbes.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Nematostella vectensis exemplifies the exceptional expansion and diversity of opsins in the eyeless Hexacorallia.EvoDevo · 2023Article
- Hyposalinity reduces coordination and adhesion of sea urchin tube feet.The Journal of experimental biology · 2023Article
- A model of decentralized vision in the sea urchiniScience · 2023Article
- The diversity of invertebrate visual opsins spanning Protostomia, Deuterostomia, and Cnidaria.Developmental biology · 2022Review
- Neurogenesis during Brittle Star Arm Regeneration Is Characterised by a Conserved Set of Key Developmental Genes.Biology · 2022Article
- Article
- An approach to quantitate maternal transcripts localized in sea urchin egg cortex using RT-qPCR with accurate normalization.PloS one · 2022Article
- PAHs and PCBs Affect Functionally Intercorrelated Genes in the Sea UrchinInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- The crowns have eyes: multiple opsins found in the eyes of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci.BMC evolutionary biology · 2018Article
- Whole-body photoreceptor networks are independent of 'lenses' in brittle stars.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2018Article
- Ocean acidification impacts spine integrity but not regenerative capacity of spines and tube feet in adult sea urchins.Royal Society open science · 2017Article
- Maintenance of somatic tissue regeneration with age in short- and long-lived species of sea urchins.Aging cell · 2016Article
- Substituting mouse transcription factor Pou4f2 with a sea urchin orthologue restores retinal ganglion cell development.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2016Article
- Crown-of-thorns starfish have true image forming vision.Frontiers in zoology · 2016Article
- Article
- Tissue regeneration and biomineralization in sea urchins: role of Notch signaling and presence of stem cell markers.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
All echinoderms have unique hydraulic structures called tube feet, known for their roles in light sensitivity, respiration, chemoreception and locomotion. In the green sea urchin, the most distal portion of these tube feet contain five ossicles arranged as a light collector with its concave surface facing towards the ambient light. These ossicles are perforated and lined with pigment cells that express a PAX6 protein that is universally involved in the development of eyes and sensory organs in other bilaterians. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequencing and real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) also demonstrate the presence and differential expression of a rhabdomeric-like opsin within these tube feet. Morphologically, nerves that could serve to transmit information to the test innervate the tube feet, and the differential expression of opsin transcripts in the tube feet is inversely, and significantly, related to the amount of light that tube feet are exposed to depending on their location on the test. The expression of these genes, the differential expression of opsin based on light exposure and the unique morphological features at the distal portion of the tube foot strongly support the hypothesis that in addition to previously identified functional roles of tube feet they are also photosensory organs that detect and respond to changes in the underwater light field.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.