Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21448775›Full record

SynthesisClinical orthopaedics and related research2011

Patient gender affects the referral and recommendation for total joint arthroplasty.

Cornelia M Borkhoff, Gillian A Hawker, James G Wright

Open access · greenAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Do patient race and sex change surgeon recommendations for TKA?Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2015
    Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
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  6. Article
  7. Article
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  9. Context factors in clinical decision-making: a scoping review.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025
    Article
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  11. Article
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  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Observational
  17. Article
  18. Morbidities among older workers and work exit: the HEAF cohort.Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) · 2022
    Article
  19. Women in Leadership in State and Regional Orthopaedic Societies.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2022
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Cornelia M BorkhoffCentre for Global Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, 1 Stewart Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. cory.borkhoff@wchospital.ca
Gillian A Hawker
James G Wright
Hospital for Sick Children · CAUniversity of Toronto · CAWomen's College Hospital · CA

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRates of use of total joint arthroplasty among appropriate and willing candidates are lower in women than in men. A number of factors may explain this gender disparity, including patients' preferences for surgery, gender bias influencing physicians' clinical decision-making, and the patient-physician interaction. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We propose a framework of how patient gender affects the patient and physician decision-making process of referral and recommendation for total joint arthroplasty and consider potential interventions to close the gender gap in total joint arthroplasty utilization.

methodsThe process involved in the referral and recommendation for total joint arthroplasty involves eight discrete steps. A systematic review is used to describe the influence of patient gender and related clinical and nonclinical factors at each step. WHERE ARE WE NOW?: Patient gender plays an important role in the process of referral and recommendation for total joint arthroplasty. Female gender primarily affects Steps 3 through 8, suggesting barriers unique to women exist in the patient-physician interaction. WHERE DO WE NEED TO GO?: Developing and evaluating interventions that improve the quality of the patient-physician interaction should be the focus of future research. HOW DO WE GET THERE?: Potential interventions include using decision support tools that facilitate shared decision-making between patients and their physicians and promoting cultural competency and shared decision-making skills programs as a core component of medical education. Increasing physicians' acceptance and awareness of the unconscious biases that may be influencing their clinical decision-making may require additional skills programs.

Indexed as

PrejudiceArthroplasty, ReplacementFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansMalePractice Patterns, Physicians'Referral and ConsultationSex DistributionSex Factors

Identifiers

PMID21448775
PMCPMC3111793
OpenAlexW1995840002

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.