ArticleJournal of leukocyte biology2011
Chitin particles induce size-dependent but carbohydrate-independent innate eosinophilia.
Article in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fungal chitin dampens inflammation through IL-10 induction mediated by NOD2 and TLR9 activation.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Fungi in Asthma: From Epidemiology and Airway Mycobiome to Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Allergenic Phytopathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A Lung Transplant Recipient With Unusual Cells on a Biopsy From a Pulmonary Nodule.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Adjuvant Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of Allergen Immunotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Antifungal Innate Immunity.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Interplay of Cytokines and Chemokines in Aspergillosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Fungal chitin-binding glycoprotein induces Dectin-2-mediated allergic airway inflammation synergistically with chitin.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Novel mechanistic insights underlying fungal allergic inflammation.PLoS pathogens · 2023Review
- Interleukin-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, but not interleukin-25, are crucial for development of airway eosinophilia induced by chitin.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Synthesis of Biotin-Tagged Chitosan Oligosaccharides and Assessment of Their Immunomodulatory Activity.Frontiers in chemistry · 2020Article
- Schizophyllum commune induces IL-17-mediated neutrophilic airway inflammation in OVA-induced asthma model mice.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Dietary Chitin Particles Called Mimetic Fungi Ameliorate Colitis in Toll-Like Receptor 2/CD14- and Sex-Dependent Manners.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Phagocytosis-mediated M1 activation by chitin but not by chitosan.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2018Article
- Fibrillar vs crystalline nanocellulose pulmonary epithelial cell responses: Cytotoxicity or inflammation?Chemosphere · 2017Article
- Anti-Immune Strategies of Pathogenic Fungi.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Review
- Keeping track of the growing number of biological functions of chitin and its interaction partners in biomedical research.Glycobiology · 2015Review
- Chitin recognition via chitotriosidase promotes pathologic type-2 helper T cell responses to cryptococcal infection.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Co-recognition of β-glucan and chitin and programming of adaptive immunity to Aspergillus fumigatus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Article
- Unconventional maturation of dendritic cells induced by particles from the laminated layer of larval Echinococcus granulosus.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- The effect of chitin size, shape, source and purification method on immune recognition.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Murine Mϕ that phagocytose CMP develop into M1; this response depends on the size and the chemical composition of the particles. In contrast, recent studies concluded that chitin particles induce M2 and eosinophil migration, promoting acquired Th2 immune responses against chitin-containing microbes or allergens. This study examined whether these apparently inconsistent responses to chitin could be induced by variation in the size and chemical composition of the chitin particles. We compared the responses of Mϕ with CMP, LCB, and Sephadex G-100 beads (>40 μm). Beads were given i.p. to WT mice and to mice deficient in a CRTH2, a receptor for the eosinophil chemoattractant PGD(2). In contrast to the M1 activation induced by CMP, i.p. administration of LCB or Sephadex beads induced within 24 h a CRTH2-dependent peritoneal eosinophilia, as well as CRTH2-independent activation of peritoneal Mϕ that expressed Arg I, an M2 phenotype. LCB-induced Mϕ exhibited elevated Arg I and a surface MR, reduced surface TLR2 levels, and no change in the levels of CHI3L1 or IL-10 production. Our results indicate that the effects of chitin in vivo are highly dependent on particle size and that large, nonphagocytosable beads, independent of their chemical composition, induce innate eosinophilia and activate Mϕ expressing several M2, but not M1, phenotypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.