ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2011
Validation of the Excited Component of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-EC) in a naturalistic sample of 278 patients with acute psychosis and agitation in a psychiatric emergency room.
Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04236557 (Individualized Music Playlist Based on ISO-Principle for De-escalating Agitation of People Living With Dementia), which is not on this map. Cited by 55 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Individualized Music Playlist Based on ISO-Principle for De-escalating Agitation of People Living With Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risperidone for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Aripiprazole (intramuscular) for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Haloperidol for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Haloperidol plus promethazine for psychosis-induced aggression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Ayahuasca-assisted meaning reconstruction therapy as an early resource for bereavement: a non-randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Individualized Music Playlist Based on Iso-Principle for De-Escalating Agitation of People With Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Sublingual Dexmedetomidine for Agitation Associated with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: A Post Hoc Analysis of Number Needed to Treat, Number Needed to Harm, and Likelihood to be Helped or Harmed.Advances in therapy · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Cytokines in agitated and non-agitated patients admitted to an acute psychiatric department: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2019Trial
- A Long-Term, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Brexpiprazole as Maintenance Treatment in Adults with Schizophrenia.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Aripiprazole Once-Monthly in the Treatment of Acute Psychotic Episodes in Schizophrenia: Post Hoc Analysis of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Marder Factor Scores.Journal of clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) as Maintenance Treatment in Adults with Schizophrenia: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Methylphenidate in mania project (MEMAP): study protocol of an international randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study on the initial treatment of acute mania with methylphenidate.BMC psychiatry · 2013Trial
- Parallel but not equivalent: challenges and solutions for repeated assessment of cognition over time.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2012Trial
- Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Suicide Attempts Among Young Patients With Major Depressive Disorder With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Individualised Music Playlist Based on the Iso-Principle for De-Escalating Agitation in Older People With Dementia: Protocol for a RCT.Nursing open · 2026Article
- Vasopressin 1a Receptor Antagonists for Pathological Aggression in Neurodegenerative and Other CNS Diseases.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Symptoms of the suicide crisis syndrome and associated risk factors in an acute psychiatric population, a cross-sectional study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of the Spiritual and Religious Needs Inventory for Muslim Psychiatric Inpatients: A Study in the Indonesian Context.Journal of religion and health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the wide use of the Excited Component of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-EC) in a clinical setting to assess agitated patients, a validation study to evaluate its psychometric properties was missing.
methodsData from the observational NATURA study were used. This research describes trends in the use of treatments in patients with acute psychotic episodes and agitation seen in emergency departments. Exploratory principal component factor analysis was performed. Spearman's correlation and regression analyses (linear regression model) as well as equipercentile linking of Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S), Agitation and Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) and PANSS-EC items were conducted to examine the scale's diagnostic validity. Furthermore, reliability (Cronbach's alpha) and responsiveness were evaluated.
resultsFactor analysis resulted in one factor being retained according to eigenvalue ≥1. At admission, the PANSS-EC and CGI-S were found to be linearly related, with an average increase of 3.4 points (p < 0.001) on the PANSS-EC for each additional CGI-S point. The PANSS-EC and ACES were found to be linearly and inversely related, with an average decrease of 5.5 points (p < 0.001) on the PANSS-EC for each additional point. The equipercentile method shows the poor sensitivity of the ACES scale. Cronbach's alpha was 0.86 and effect size was 1.44.
conclusionsThe factorial analyses confirm the unifactorial structure of the PANSS-EC subscale. The PANSS-EC showed a strong linear correlation with rating scales such as CGI-S and ACES. PANSS-EC has also shown an excellent capacity to detect real changes in agitated patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.