ReviewAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2011
Paradoxical aspects of rapamycin immunobiology in transplantation.
Review in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term vagus nerve stimulation synergized with rapamycin elicits neuroimmune modulation to prolong skin allograft survival.iScience · 2026Article
- Functional analysis of target of rapamycin in regulating mycelial growth and development in Penicillium italicum.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors as the treatment for steroid-refractory acute graft-vs.-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Interactions Between Immunosuppressive Regimens and Cytomegalovirus Infection After Solid-Organ Transplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026Review
- Cancer risks in people on dialysis and kidney transplant recipients: a Catalan cohort study, 2003-21.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Benefits and Challenges of Drug-Coated Balloons in Peripheral Artery Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Immunopathology of lung transplantation: from infection to rejection and vice versa.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Autophagy inducer rapamycin treatment reduces IFN-I-mediated Inflammation and improves anti-HIV-1 T cell response in vivo.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Activation and regulation of alloreactive T cell immunity in solid organ transplantation.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2022Review
- Immunosenescence is a therapeutic target for frailty in older adults: a narrative review.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Review
- Immunosuppression and Kidney Transplantation.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2022Review
- Immunogenicity and toxicity of AAV gene therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Remdesivir and Its Combination With Repurposed Drugs as COVID-19 Therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Role of the Oral Immune System in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis-Facilitated Invasion and Dissemination ofFrontiers in oral health · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the Ageing Immune System.Nature aging · 2021Article
- mTOR: A possible therapeutic target against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Archives of stem cell and therapy · 2021Article
- Rapamycin as a potential repurpose drug candidate for the treatment of COVID-19.Chemico-biological interactions · 2020Review
- From causes of aging to death from COVID-19.Aging · 2020Review
- Synergistic Combination of Oncolytic Virotherapy and Immunotherapy for Glioma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rapamycin has long been considered an immunosuppressive agent due to its antiproliferative effects on immune cells, and is currently used as a component of antirejection regimens in transplantation. Despite the large number of mechanistic and clinical studies investigating the impact of rapamycin on cell-mediated immunity, several paradoxes concerning rapamycin immunobiology remain. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that under certain circumstances rapamycin can exert immunostimulatory effects, boosting T cell responses in the face of pathogen infections and vaccines. Here, we review recent findings concerning the contradictory outcomes of rapamycin induced mTOR inhibition on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in transplantation and protective immunity. These studies suggest that the conditions under which T cells are stimulated can profoundly modify the impact of rapamycin on antigen-specific T cell responses. Thus, further investigation into the cellular and molecular pathways underlying the dichotomous effects of rapamycin in transplantation is required to harness the full potential of this immunomodulatory agent to promote graft survival and maximize protective immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.