ArticlePLoS pathogens2011
Host iron withholding demands siderophore utilization for Candida glabrata to survive macrophage killing.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Ferroptosis and Cuproptosis for Antimicrobial Control in Postharvest Preservation.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Iron as an immunometabolic signal in infection and inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Do fungi also undergo "ferroptosis"? A microscopic exploration of cellular death.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- Fission yeast cells deficient in siderophore biosynthesis require Str2 for ferrichrome-dependent growth.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Role of the putativeMicrobial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2025Article
- Article
- Enhancement of ROS Production by Catechin Is a Primary Effect of Increased Azole Efficacy inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Siderophore Biosynthesis and Transport Systems in Model and Pathogenic Fungi.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Review
- The Hog1 MAPK substrate governs Candida glabrata-epithelial cell adhesion via the histone H2A variant.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Metabolic Plasticity and Virulence-Associated Factors ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- GR-2397: Review of the Novel Siderophore-like Antifungal Agent for the Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Disruption of Iron Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Metabolism Are Promising Targets to Inhibit Candida auris.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Review
- The Siderophore Transporters Sit1 and Sit2 Are Essential for Utilization of Ferrichrome-, Ferrioxamine- and Coprogen-Type Siderophores inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Conservation and Loss of a Putative Iron Utilization Gene Cluster among Genotypes ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- A TRP1-marker-based system for gene complementation, overexpression, reporter gene expression and gene modification in Candida glabrata.FEMS yeast research · 2021Article
- Review
- Comparative Analysis of Putative Virulence-Associated Factors of Microsporum canis Isolates from Human and Animal Patients.Mycopathologia · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Candida glabrata has risen from an innocuous commensal to a major human pathogen that causes life-threatening infections with an associated mortality rate of up to 50%. The dramatic rise in the number of immunocompromised individuals from HIV infection, tuberculosis, and as a result of immunosuppressive regimens in cancer treatment and transplant interventions have created a new and hitherto unchartered niche for the proliferation of C. glabrata. Iron acquisition is a known microbial virulence determinant and human diseases of iron overload have been found to correlate with increased bacterial burden. Given that more than 2 billion people worldwide suffer from iron deficiency and that iron overload is one of the most common single-gene inherited diseases, it is important to understand whether host iron status may influence C. glabrata infectious disease progression. Here we identify Sit1 as the sole siderophore-iron transporter in C. glabrata and demonstrate that siderophore-mediated iron acquisition is critical for enhancing C. glabrata survival to the microbicidal activities of macrophages. Within the Sit1 transporter, we identify a conserved extracellular SIderophore Transporter Domain (SITD) that is critical for siderophore-mediated ability of C. glabrata to resist macrophage killing. Using macrophage models of human iron overload disease, we demonstrate that C. glabrata senses altered iron levels within the phagosomal compartment. Moreover, Sit1 functions as a determinant for C. glabrata to survive macrophage killing in a manner that is dependent on macrophage iron status. These studies suggest that host iron status is a modifier of infectious disease that modulates the dependence on distinct mechanisms of microbial Fe acquisition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.