ReviewNeuropharmacology2012
Twin studies of posttraumatic stress disorder: differentiating vulnerability factors from sequelae.
Review in Neuropharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide association analyses identify 95 risk loci and provide insights into the neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder.Nature genetics · 2024Pooled it
- International meta-analysis of PTSD genome-wide association studies identifies sex- and ancestry-specific genetic risk loci.Nature communications · 2019Pooled it
- Largest GWAS of PTSD (N=20 070) yields genetic overlap with schizophrenia and sex differences in heritability.Molecular psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder in a cohort of Iraq-Afghanistan era veterans.Journal of affective disorders · 2015Pooled it
- Dynamic immune and metabolic dysregulation in women with post-traumatic stress disorder: Longitudinal transcriptomic insights following sexual assault.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The role of intelligence in PTSD treatment outcomes: evidence from a multicenter TF-CBT trial with youth.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Hyperarousal, Dissociation, Emotion Dysregulation and Re-Experiencing-Towards Understanding Molecular Aspects of PTSD Symptoms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Implications of gene × environment interactions in post-traumatic stress disorder risk and treatment.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Scene construction deficits in adolescent PTSD are in sensory, rather than spatial, imagery.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Estudio De La Vida Bajo Estres: Methodological Overview and Baseline Data Analysis of a Case-Control Investigation of Risk and Resiliency Factors for Traumatic Stress in Colombia.Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment · 2025Article
- Grief is a family affair: examining longitudinal associations between prolonged grief in parents and their adult children using four-wave cross-lagged panel models.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Longitudinal volumetric evaluation of hippocampus and amygdala subregions in recent trauma survivors.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences, other traumas and PTSD influence the health and well-being of individuals with eating disorders throughout the life span.Journal of eating disorders · 2022Review
- Modeling gene × environment interactions in PTSD using human neurons reveals diagnosis-specific glucocorticoid-induced gene expression.Nature neuroscience · 2022Article
- Structural brain features signaling trauma, PTSD, or resilience? A systematic exploration.Depression and anxiety · 2022Article
- Intimate partner violence: psycho-physio-pathological sequelae for defining a holistic enriched treatment.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Examining for Cavum Septum Pellucidum and Ventricular Enlargement in Retired Elite-Level Rugby League Players.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Stability of hippocampal subfield volumes after trauma and relationship to development of PTSD symptoms.NeuroImage · 2021Article
- Polygenic risk scoring to assess genetic overlap and protective factors influencing posttraumatic stress, depression, and chronic pain after motor vehicle collision trauma.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- The brain at war: effects of stress on brain structure in soldiers deployed to a war zone.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined by one's response to an environmental event. However, genetic factors are important in determining people's response to that event, and even their likelihood of being exposed to particular traumatic events in the first place. Classical twin designs can decompose genetic and environmental sources of variance. Such studies are reviewed extensively elsewhere, and we cover them only briefly in this review. Instead, we focus primarily on the identical co-twin control design. This design makes it possible to resolve the "chicken-egg" dilemma inherent in standard case-control designs, namely, distinguishing risk from sequelae. Abnormalities that are present in both the twin with PTSD and the unaffected co-twin suggest pre-existing vulnerability indicators. These include smaller hippocampal volume, large cavum septum pellucidum, more neurological soft signs, lower general intellectual ability, and poorer performance in the specific cognitive abilities of executive function, attention, declarative memory, and processing of contextual cues. In contrast, abnormalities in a twin with PTSD that are not present in the identical co-twin suggest consequences of PTSD or trauma exposure. These include psychophysiological responding, higher resting anterior cingulate metabolism, event-related potential abnormalities associated with attentional processes, recall intrusions, and possibly some types of chronic pain. Most co-twin control studies of PTSD have been small and come from the same twin registry of middle-aged male veterans. Consequently, there is a great need for replication and extension of the findings, particularly in women and younger individuals. The creation of new twin registries would do much toward accomplishing this goal. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder'.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.