Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21443322›Full record

ArticleJournal of consulting and clinical psychology2011

A marginal structural model analysis for loneliness: implications for intervention trials and clinical practice.

Tyler J VanderWeele, Louise C Hawkley, Ronald A Thisted, John T Cacioppo

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04414826 (Preliminary Efficacy of a One-Session Mindfulness Telehealth Intervention for Loneliness), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04414826 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Preliminary Efficacy of a One-Session Mindfulness Telehealth Intervention for Loneliness

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Texas at AustinRan2020 to 2021Enrolled91ConditionsLonelinessArmsMindfulness Alone (MO) Intervention, Mindfulness + Compassion Intervention (MC)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  5. The Longitudinal Relationship of Loneliness With Frequency and Problematic Use of Alcohol and Cannabis Among Young Adults.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025
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  11. Article
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  15. Trajectories of loneliness during COVID-19 pandemic and associations with mental health and substance use.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Observational
  19. Article
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Tyler J VanderWeeleHarvard University, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. tvanderw@hsph.harvard.edu
Louise C Hawkley
Ronald A Thisted
John T Cacioppo

Funding

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO: CLINICAL TRIALSUL1RR024999 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI SOLWAY, JULIAN · 2007 to 2011
$25.3M
Social Regulation of Gene Expression, SupplementR37AG033590 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI CACIOPPO, JOHN T. · 2010 to 2017
$3.5M
Theory and methods for sufficient cause interactionsR01ES017876 · NIEHS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI VANDERWEELE, TYLER · 2010 to 2014
$1.2M
Social Regulation of Gene ExpressionR01AG033590 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI CACIOPPO, STEPHANIE · 2018 to 2019
$720k
Bounds for direct and indirect effects with application to perinatal epidemiologyR03HD060696 · NICHD · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI VANDERWEELE, TYLER · 2010 to 2011
$169k
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 RG999999NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024999NCRR NIH HHS UL1RR024999NIA NIH HHS AG033590NIA NIH HHS R01 AG033590NIA NIH HHS R37 AG033590NICHD NIH HHS R03 HD060696NICHD NIH HHS R03HD060696NIEHS NIH HHS R01ES017876
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveClinical scientists, policymakers, and individuals must make decisions concerning effective interventions that address health-related issues. We use longitudinal data on loneliness and depressive symptoms and a new class of causal models to illustrate how empirical evidence can be used to inform intervention trial design and clinical practice.

methodData were obtained from a population-based study of non-Hispanic Caucasians, African Americans, and Latino Americans (N = 229) born between 1935 and 1952. Loneliness and depressive symptoms were measured with the UCLA Loneliness Scale-Revised and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, respectively. Marginal structural causal models were employed to evaluate the extent to which depressive symptoms depend not only on loneliness measured at a single point in time (as in prior studies of the effect of loneliness) but also on an individual's entire loneliness history.

resultsOur results indicate that if interventions to reduce loneliness by 1 standard deviation were made 1 and 2 years prior to assessing depressive symptoms, both would have an effect; together, they would result in an average reduction in depressive symptoms of 0.33 standard deviations, 95% CI [0.21, 0.44], p < .0001.

conclusionsThe magnitude and persistence of these effects suggest that greater effort should be devoted to developing practical interventions on alleviating loneliness and that doing so could be useful in the treatment and prevention of depressive symptoms. In light of the persistence of the effects of loneliness, our results also suggest that, in the evaluation of interventions on loneliness, it may be important to allow for a considerable follow-up period in assessing outcomes.

Indexed as

Models, PsychologicalDepressionDiagnostic Self EvaluationFemaleHealth SurveysHumansLonelinessMaleMiddle AgedPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID21443322
PMCPMC3079447

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.