Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21442255›Full record

ReviewEuropean biophysics journal : EBJ2011

A lipocentric view of peptide-induced pores.

Gustavo Fuertes, Diana Giménez, Santi Esteban-Martín, Orlando L Sánchez-Muñoz, Jesús Salgado

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European biophysics journal : EBJ, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Combating Bacterial Infections with Vitamin D-Induced Antimicrobial Peptides.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
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  8. Microbiome research reports · 2023
    Article
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  12. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Gustavo FuertesInstituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
Diana Giménez
Santi Esteban-Martín
Orlando L Sánchez-Muñoz
Jesús Salgado

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although lipid membranes serve as effective sealing barriers for the passage of most polar solutes, nonmediated leakage is not completely improbable. A high activation energy normally keeps unassisted bilayer permeation at a very low frequency, but lipids are able to self-organize as pores even in peptide-free and protein-free membranes. The probability of leakage phenomena increases under conditions such as phase coexistence, external stress or perturbation associated to binding of nonlipidic molecules. Here, we argue that pore formation can be viewed as an intrinsic property of lipid bilayers, with strong similarities in the structure and mechanism between pores formed with participation of peptides, lipidic pores induced by different types of stress, and spontaneous transient bilayer defects driven by thermal fluctuations. Within such a lipocentric framework, amphipathic peptides are best described as pore-inducing rather than pore-forming elements. Active peptides bound to membranes can be understood as a source of internal surface tension which facilitates pore formation by diminishing the high activation energy barrier. This first or immediate action of the peptide has some resemblance to catalysis. However, the presence of membrane-active peptides has the additional effect of displacing the equilibrium towards the pore-open state, which is then maintained over long times, and reducing the size of initial individual pores. Thus, pore-inducing peptides, regardless of their sequence and oligomeric organization, can be assigned a double role of increasing the probability of pore formation in membranes to high levels as well as stabilizing these pores after they appear.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsCell Membrane PermeabilityMembrane LipidsMolecular Dynamics SimulationPore Forming Cytotoxic ProteinsPorosityAnti-Infective AgentsMembrane LipidsPore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins

Identifiers

PMID21442255
PMCPMC3070086

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.