ArticleDrug delivery2011
Cell-penetrating TAT peptide in drug delivery systems: proteolytic stability requirements.
Article in Drug delivery, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Overcoming Ligand Discovery Challenges: Developing Peptide-Based Tracers for SPSB2.ACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- PSAT1 impairs ferroptosis and reduces immunotherapy efficacy via GPX4 hydroxylation.Nature chemical biology · 2025Article
- Bacterial Systems as a Precision Delivery Platform of Therapeutic Peptides for Cancer Therapy.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Peptide-Carbazolyl Cyanobenzene Conjugates: Enabling Biomolecule Functionalization via Photoredox and Energy Transfer Catalysis.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- NIR-Induced Photoswitching Hybrid DNA Nanoconstruct-Based Drug Delivery System for Spatiotemporal Control of Stem Cell Fate.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- ADSL promotes autophagy and tumor growth through fumarate-mediated Beclin1 dimethylation.Nature chemical biology · 2025Article
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- O-GlcNAcylation of circadian clock protein Bmal1 impairs cognitive function in diabetic mice.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
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- The Application of Nanovaccines in Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Rational design of an anti-cancer peptide inhibiting CD147 / Cyp A interaction.Journal of molecular structure · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the effect of a cell penetrating peptide (TAT) towards tailoring the targeting efficacy and tumor uptake of porphyrin.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2022Article
- Peptides as Pharmacological Carriers to the Brain: Promises, Shortcomings and Challenges.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Targeting adaptor protein SLP76 of RAGE as a therapeutic approach for lethal sepsis.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Extracellular vesicles in virus infection and pathogenesis.Current opinion in virology · 2020Review
- Assays for tyrosine phosphorylation in human cells.Methods in enzymology · 2019Article
- Synthesis and Characterization of Placental Chondroitin Sulfate A (plCSA)-Targeting Lipid-Polymer Nanoparticles.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2018Article
- Characterization and Molecular Mechanism of Peptide-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticle Inhibiting p53-HDM2 Interaction in Retinoblastoma.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The stability and activity of the HIV cell-penetrating TAT peptide (TATp) on the surface of TATp-modified micelles and liposomes in relation to its proteolytic cleavage was investigated. TATp moieties were attached to the surface of these nanocarriers using TATp modified with a conjugate of phosphatidyl ethanolamine with a 'short' PEG (PEG-PE). Following pre-incubation with trypsin, elastase, or collagenase, the proteolytic stability of TATp on the surface of these modified carriers was studied by HPLC with fluorescence detection using fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) labeling. All tested enzymes produced a dose-dependent cleavage of TATp as shown by the presence of TATp Arg-Arg fragments. Inhibition of TATp cleavage occurred when these TATp-micelles were modified by the addition of longer PEG-PE blocks, indicating an effective shielding of TATp from proteolysis by these blocks. TATp-modified carriers were also tested for their ability to accumulate in EL-4, HeLa, and B16-F10 cells. Trypsin treatment of TATp-modified liposomes and micelles resulted in decreased uptake and cell interaction, as measured by fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting techniques. Furthermore, a decrease in the cytotoxicity of TATp-modified liposomes loaded with doxorubicin (Doxil) was observed following trypsin treatment. In conclusion, steric shielding of TATp is essential to ensure its in vivo therapeutic function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.