ArticlePloS one2011
Bacillus anthracis protease InhA increases blood-brain barrier permeability and contributes to cerebral hemorrhages.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Bacterial zinc metalloproteases as facilitators of pathogenic success: a review.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Occludin and collagen IV degradation mediated by the T9SS effector SspA contributes to blood-brain barrier damage in ducks during Riemerella anatipestifer infection.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Damage in Bacterial Meningitis: The Underlying Link, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Anthrax Meningoencephalitis and Intracranial Hemorrhage.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Review
- Categorizing Sequences of Concern by Function To Better Assess Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis.Infection and immunity · 2022Review
- Immune Inhibitor A Metalloproteases Contribute to Virulence inInfection and immunity · 2021Article
- Article
- Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Role of NprR inFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- TheMicrobiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Mechanisms of Blood Brain Barrier Disruption by Different Types of Bacteria, and Bacterial-Host Interactions Facilitate the Bacterial Pathogen Invading the Brain.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2018Review
- InhA1-Mediated Cleavage of the Metalloprotease NprA AllowsFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Bacillus anthracis S-layer protein BslA binds to extracellular matrix by interacting with laminin.BMC microbiology · 2016Article
- Structural Basis for Latency and Function of Immune Inhibitor A Metallopeptidase, a Modulator of the Bacillus anthracis Secretome.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2016Article
- Iron and zinc exploitation during bacterial pathogenesis.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2015Review
- Bacillus anthracis Overcomes an Amino Acid Auxotrophy by Cleaving Host Serum Proteins.Journal of bacteriology · 2015Article
- Circulating lethal toxin decreases the ability of neutrophils to respond to Bacillus anthracis.Cellular microbiology · 2014Article
- Article
- Modulation of the Bacillus anthracis secretome by the immune inhibitor A1 protease.Journal of bacteriology · 2014Article
- B. anthracis associated cardiovascular dysfunction and shock: the potential contribution of both non-toxin and toxin components.BMC medicine · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hemorrhagic meningitis is a fatal complication of anthrax, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The present study examined the role of B. anthracis-secreted metalloprotease InhA on monolayer integrity and permeability of human brain microvasculature endothelial cells (HBMECs) which constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Treatment of HBMECs with purified InhA resulted in a time-dependent decrease in trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) accompanied by zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) degradation. An InhA-expressing B. subtilis exhibited increased permeability of HBMECs, which did not occur with the isogenic inhA deletion mutant (ΔinhA) of B. anthracis, compared with the corresponding wild-type strain. Mice intravenously administered with purified InhA or nanoparticles-conjugated to InhA demonstrated a time-dependent Evans Blue dye extravasation, leptomeningeal thickening, leukocyte infiltration, and brain parenchymal distribution of InhA indicating BBB leakage and cerebral hemorrhage. Mice challenged with vegetative bacteria of the ΔinhA strain of B. anthracis exhibited a significant decrease in leptomeningeal thickening compared to the wildtype strain. Cumulatively, these findings indicate that InhA contributes to BBB disruption associated with anthrax meningitis through proteolytic attack on the endothelial tight junctional protein zonula occluden (ZO)-1.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.