ArticlePloS one2011
Apelin attenuates the osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between apelin and cardiac parameters in patients on peritoneal dialysis: is there a new cardiac marker?BMC nephrology · 2014Trial
- Apelin-APLNR pathway across development, inflammation, and vascular remodeling: an endothelial perspective.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Risk prediction of kidney function in long-term kidney transplant recipients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Icariin attenuates the calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells through ERα - p38MAPK pathway.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2023Article
- Kalkitoxin attenuates calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells via RUNX-2 signaling pathways.Journal of veterinary science · 2023Article
- Mitophagy in atherosclerosis: from mechanism to therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- A long non-coding RNA H19/microRNA-138/TLR3 network is involved in high phosphorus-mediated vascular calcification and chronic kidney disease.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2022Article
- MiR-133a is a potential target for arterial calcification in patients with end-stage renal disease.International urology and nephrology · 2022Article
- Proteomic analysis of a murine model of lung hypoplasia induced by oligohydramnios.Pediatric pulmonology · 2021Article
- Role of PI3K in the Progression and Regression of Atherosclerosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Apelin increases atrial conduction velocity, refractoriness, and prevents inducibility of atrial fibrillation.JCI insight · 2020Article
- Melatonin alleviates vascular calcification and ageing through exosomal miR-204/miR-211 cluster in a paracrine manner.Journal of pineal research · 2020Article
- Adipose tissue-derived omentin-1 attenuates arterial calcification via AMPK/Akt signaling pathway.Aging · 2019Article
- Article
- Vascular effects of apelin: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2018Review
- Leptin regulates disc cartilage endplate degeneration and ossification through activation of the MAPK-ERK signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2018Article
- Apelinergic System Structure and Function.Comprehensive Physiology · 2017Review
- Oestrogen Inhibits Arterial Calcification by Promoting Autophagy.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Function, Role, and Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Vascular Aging.BioMed research international · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vascular calcification, which results from a process osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Apelin is a recently discovered peptide that is the endogenous ligand for the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, APJ. Several studies have identified the protective effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system. However, the effects and mechanisms of apelin on the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs have not been elucidated. Using a culture of calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (CVMSCs) as a model for the study of vascular calcification, the relationship between apelin and the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs and the signal pathway involved were investigated. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin secretion were examined in CVSMCs. The involved signal pathway was studied using the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, PD98059, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor, LY294002, and APJ siRNA. The results showed that apelin inhibited ALP activity, osteocalcin secretion, and the formation of mineralized nodules. APJ protein was detected in CVSMCs, and apelin activated ERK and AKT (a downstream effector of PI3-K). Suppression of APJ with siRNA abolished the apelin-induced activation of ERK and Akt. Furthermore, inhibition of APJ expression, and the activation of ERK or PI3-K, reversed the effects of apelin on ALP activity. These results showed that apelin inhibited the osteoblastic differentiation of CVSMCs through the APJ/ERK and APJ/PI3-K/AKT signaling pathway. Apelin appears to play a protective role against arterial calcification.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.