ArticlePloS one2011
Intracerebral human regulatory T cells: analysis of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T cells in brain lesions and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lymphoid Aggregates in the CNS of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients Lack Regulatory T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Temporal Neuroimmune Changes During Primary and Persistent Experimental Toxoplasmic Encephalitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Decoding Treg diversity and dysfunction to advance Treg-based therapies in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in multiple sclerosis: a review of mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Potential of β-Synuclein-Specific Regulatory T Cell Therapy as a Treatment for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Tissue-specific roles of regulatory T cells: mechanisms of suppression and beyond along with emerging therapeutic insights in autoimmune indications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Brain-immune interactions: implication for cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease and autoimmune disorders.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024Review
- Re-establishing immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis: focusing on novel mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell regulation of Th17/Treg balance.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Loss of Mitochondrial Tusc2/Fus1 Triggers a Brain Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment and Early Spatial Memory Impairment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Targeting CXCR4 impaired T regulatory function through PTEN in renal cancer patients.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Article
- CD4Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Berberine: A natural modulator of immune cells in multiple sclerosis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Review
- Regulatory T cells use heparanase to access IL-2 bound to extracellular matrix in inflamed tissue.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Regulatory T cells in peripheral tissue tolerance and diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Regulatory T cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: Breaching (blood-brain) barriers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Immune Memory in Aging: a Wide Perspective Covering Microbiota, Brain, Metabolism, and Epigenetics.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2022Review
- Patients With Severe Multiple Sclerosis Exhibit Functionally Altered CD8Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Neuroinflammation: Extinguishing a blaze of T cells.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Improving the Efficacy of Regulatory T Cell Therapy.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Impaired suppressive capacity of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) from peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported by multiple laboratories. It is, however, currently unresolved whether Treg dysfunction in MS patients is limited to reduced control of peripheral T cell activation since most studies analyzed peripheral blood samples only. Here, we assessed early active MS lesions in brain biopsies obtained from 16 patients with MS by FOXP3 immunohistochemistry. In addition, we used six-color flow cytometry to determine numbers of Treg by analysis of FOXP3/CD127 expression in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 17 treatment-naïve MS patients as well as quantities of apoptosis sensitive CD45RO(hi)CD95(hi) cells in circulating and CSF Treg subsets. Absolute numbers of FOXP3(+) and CD4(+) cells were rather low in MS brain lesions and Treg were not detectable in 30% of MS biopsies despite the presence of CD4(+) cell infiltrates. In contrast, Treg were detectable in all CSF samples and Treg with a CD45RO(hi)CD95(hi) phenotype previously shown to be highly apoptosis sensitive were found to be enriched in the CSF compared to peripheral blood of MS patients. We suggest a hypothetical model of intracerebral elimination of Treg by CD95L-mediated apoptosis within the MS lesion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.