ArticleCell death and differentiation2011
Autophagy, and BiP level decrease are early key events in retrograde degeneration of motoneurons.
Article in Cell death and differentiation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)Autophagy · 2021Guideline
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition).Autophagy · 2016Guideline
- Schwann cell-secreted frizzled-related protein 1 dictates neuroinflammation and peripheral nerve degeneration after neurotrauma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- GRP78 Overexpression Triggers PINK1-IPBiomedicines · 2021Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Sigma 1 Receptor Ligands on Motoneuron Death after Spinal Root Injury in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Review
- Novel neuroprotective therapy with NeuroHeal by autophagy induction for damaged neonatal motoneurons.Theranostics · 2020Article
- Network-centric medicine for peripheral nerve injury: Treating the whole to boost endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotection and regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2019Article
- Axotomy Induces Phasic Alterations in Luman/CREB3 Expression and Nuclear Localization in Injured and Contralateral Uninjured Sensory Neurons: Correlation With Intrinsic Axon Growth Capacity.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2019Article
- L-lysine protects C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes against high glucose damages and stresses.PloS one · 2019Article
- Chromatolysis: Do injured axons regenerate poorly when ribonucleases attack rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and RNA?Developmental neurobiology · 2018Review
- Cellular and Subcellular Localization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone GRP78 Following Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats.Neurochemical research · 2018Article
- ATG5 overexpression is neuroprotective and attenuates cytoskeletal and vesicle-trafficking alterations in axotomized motoneurons.Cell death & disease · 2018Article
- SIRT1 activation with neuroheal is neuroprotective but SIRT2 inhibition with AK7 is detrimental for disconnected motoneurons.Cell death & disease · 2018Article
- Tracking Effects of SIL1 Increase: Taking a Closer Look Beyond the Consequences of Elevated Expression Level.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Neuroprotective Drug for Nerve Trauma Revealed Using Artificial Intelligence.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Spatiotemporal Expression of GRP78 in the Blood Vessels of Rats Treated With 3-Nitropropionic Acid Correlates With Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2018Article
- Stall in Canonical Autophagy-Lysosome Pathways Prompts Nucleophagy-Based Nuclear Breakdown in Neurodegeneration.Current biology : CB · 2017Article
- Neuroprotection by eIF2α-CHOP inhibition and XBP-1 activation in EAE/optic neuritiss.Cell death & disease · 2017Article
- GRP78 at the Centre of the Stage in Cancer and Neuroprotection.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Disconnection of the axon from the soma of spinal motoneurons (MNs) leads either to a retrograde degenerative process or to a regenerative reaction, depending on the severity and the proximity to the soma of the axonal lesion. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membranous network that extends from the nucleus to the entire cytoplasm of the neuronal soma, axon and dendrites. We investigated whether axonal injury is sensed by the ER and triggers the activation of protective mechanisms, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. We found early (at 3 days) accumulation of beclin1, LC3II and Lamp-1, hallmarks of autophagy, in both degenerating MNs after spinal root avulsion and in non-degenerating MNs after distal nerve section, although Lamp-1 disappeared by 5 days only in the former. In contrast, only degenerating MNs presented early activation of IRE1α, revealed by an increase of the spliced isoform of Xbp1 and accumulation of ATF4 in their nucleus, two branches of the UPR, and late BiP downregulation in association with cytoskeletal and organelle disorganization. We conclude that BiP decrease is a signature of the degenerating process, as its overexpression led to an increase in MN survival after root avulsion. Besides, Bcl2 is strongly implicated in the survival pathway activated by BiP overexpression.
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