ReviewExpert review of vaccines2011
ELISpot for measuring human immune responses to vaccines.
Review in Expert review of vaccines, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neoantigen prediction and computational perspectives towards clinical benefit: recommendations from the ESMO Precision Medicine Working Group.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Is the "3+3" dose-escalation phase I clinical trial design suitable for therapeutic cancer vaccine development? A recommendation for alternative design.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2014Pooled it
- Translational investigations in the HN1901 phase II window-of-opportunity study investigating the biological activity of an IDO1 (IO102) and PD-L1 (IO103) immune-modulatory peptide cancer vaccines in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Trial
- Profiling IgG and IgA antibody responses during vaccination and infection in a high-risk gonorrhoea population.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Radiotherapy and High-Dose Interleukin-2: Clinical and Immunological Results of a Proof of Principle Study in Metastatic Melanoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Protease Inhibitors Do Not Affect Antibody Responses to Pneumococcal Vaccination.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2016Trial
- "Just the Best Ones" combination: a new strategy for multi-epitope vaccine candidate based on immunoinformatics analysis to induce protective immunity against MRSA infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Adenosine deaminase co-immunization reverses age-associated immunosenescence by restoring germinal center T follicular helper cell function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Augmentation of IL-21 and soluble CD14 in systemic aspergillosis through combined immunostimulation with beta-glucan and diphtheria toxoid.Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
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- Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy-driven immunosuppression is associated with poorer progression-free survival in cancer patients.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Ilama VHH as a Substitute for Rabbit Polyclonal Antibodies in ELISpot Application.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Mini-review on the therapeutic vaccines targeting chronic infectious diseases: Evaluation system of therapeutic vaccines targeting HPV and EBV-related cancers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Personalizing DNA Cancer Vaccines.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- In Vitro Silencing of MHC-I in Keratinocytes by Herpesvirus US11 Protein to Model Alloreactive Suppression.European burn journal · 2025Article
- Functional immunity in hepatitis B: when titers don't tell the whole story.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Predicting SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Strategies for neoantigen screening and immunogenicity validation in cancer immunotherapy (Review).International journal of oncology · 2025Review
- Monitoring Immune Responses to Vaccination: A Focus on Single-Cell Analysis and Associated Challenges.Vaccines · 2025Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay is one of the most commonly used methods to measure antigen-specific T cells in both mice and humans. Some of the primary reasons for the popularity of the method are that ELISpot is highly quantitative, can measure a broad range of magnitudes of response and is capable of assessing critical cellular immune-related activities such as IFN-γ secretion and granzyme B release. Furthermore, ELISpot is adaptable not only to the evaluation of a variety of T-cell functions, but also to B cells and innate immune cells. It is no wonder that ELISpot has evolved from a research tool to a clinical assay. Recent Phase I and II studies of cancer vaccines, tested in a variety of malignancies, have suggested that ELISpot may be a useful biomarker assay to predict clinical benefit after therapeutic immune modulation. This article will discuss the most common applications of ELISpot, overview the efforts that have been undertaken to standardize the assay and apply the method in the analysis of human clinical trials, and describe some important steps in the process of developing a clinical-grade ELISpot.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.