ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2011
Acute effects of walking in forest environments on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04592770 (Effect of Nature-based Exercise on Post-traumatic Growth Among People With Post-traumatic Stress), which is not on this map. Cited by 72 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Nature-based Exercise on Post-traumatic Growth Among People With Post-traumatic Stress: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial Designed to Observe Psychophysiological Alterations Before to After Intervention
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 266 citations in OpenAlex.
- Benefits of forest therapy for adult mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the Profile of Mood States (POMS).Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of Forest Therapy on the Blood Pressure and Salivary Cortisol Levels of Urban Residents: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Does Forest Therapy Have Physio-Psychological Benefits? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- How Should Forests Be Characterized in Regard to Human Health? Evidence from Existing Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Immersive Nature-Experiences as Health Promotion Interventions for Healthy, Vulnerable, and Sick Populations? A Systematic Review and Appraisal of Controlled Studies.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Pooled it
- Blood pressure-lowering effect of Shinrin-yoku (Forest bathing): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2017Pooled it
- The impact of the natural environment on the promotion of active living: an integrative systematic review.BMC public health · 2014Pooled it
- The effect of dance movement therapy and walking interventions on loneliness and self-neglect in older people aged 65 and over: a randomized controlled trial.BMC geriatrics · 2026Trial
- Exercise in a natural environment increases program compliance in people with chronic migraine: A pilot cross-over randomized trial.Journal of bodywork and movement therapies · 2024Trial
- Can natural environments enhance acute effects of rehabilitation exercise for older adults? A pilot randomized controlled trial.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Trial
- Benefits of a Three-Day Bamboo Forest Therapy Session on the Physiological Responses of University Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- The Effects of a Forest Therapy Programme on Mental Hospital Patients with Affective and Psychotic Disorders.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- Essential Oil of Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) Wood Increases Salivary Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels after Monotonous Work.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Viewing Green and Built Settings: Differentiating Between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Activity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Trial
- Viewing nature scenes positively affects recovery of autonomic function following acute-mental stress.Environmental science & technology · 2013Trial
- The effects of views of nature on autonomic control.European journal of applied physiology · 2012Trial
- Walks4work: rationale and study design to investigate walking at lunchtime in the workplace setting.BMC public health · 2012Trial
- The Impact of Green Exercise on Cardiovascular and Musculoskeletal Health in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Scoping Review.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026Review
- Evaluating Microclimate Modification and Acute Cardiovascular Stress Responses to a Dense Urban Microforest: The Green Oasis (GRO) Protocol.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We previously found that forest environments reduced stress hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline and showed the relaxing effect both in male and female subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of walking under forest environments on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters. Sixteen healthy male subjects (mean age 57.4 ± 11.6 years) were selected after obtaining informed consent. The subjects took day trips to a forest park in the suburbs of Tokyo and to an urban area of Tokyo as a control in September 2010. On both trips, they walked for 2 h in the morning and afternoon on a Sunday. Blood and urine were sampled on the morning before each trip and after each trip. Blood pressure was measured on the morning (0800) before each trip, at noon (1300), in the afternoon (1600) during each trip, and on the morning (0800) after each trip. The day trip to the forest park significantly reduced blood pressure and urinary noradrenaline and dopamine levels and significantly increased serum adiponectin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels. Walking exercise also reduced the levels of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and urinary dopamine. Taken together, habitual walking in forest environments may lower blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nerve activity and have beneficial effects on blood adiponectin and DHEA-S levels, and habitual walking exercise may have beneficial effects on blood NT-proBNP levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.