Trial reportAIDS and behavior2012
A multilevel analysis of the impact of socio-structural and environmental influences on condom use among female sex workers.
Trial report in AIDS and behavior, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Peer education for HIV prevention among high-risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Trends and emerging directions in HIV risk and prevention research in the Philippines: A systematic review of the literature.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- A qualitative study of peer education experiences and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis use among adolescent girls and young women at high risk of HIV acquisition in Kampala, Uganda.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Understanding the Relationship Between Female Sex Workers and Their Intimate Partners: Lessons and Initial Findings From Participatory Research in North Karnataka, South India.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2018Article
- Social Cohesion Among Sex Workers and Client Condom Refusal in a Canadian Setting: Implications for Structural and Community-Led Interventions.AIDS and behavior · 2016Article
- The role of dyad-level factors in shaping sexual and drug-related HIV/STI risks among sex workers with intimate partners.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Article
- Global epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers: influence of structural determinants.Lancet (London, England) · 2015Review
- HIV infection among female sex workers in concentrated and high prevalence epidemics: why a structural determinants framework is needed.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2014Review
- Article
- Social support and recovery among Mexican female sex workers who inject drugs.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2013Article
- Bringing it home: community survey of HIV risks to primary sex partners of men and women in alcohol-serving establishments in Cape Town, South Africa.Sexually transmitted infections · 2013Article
- Social, psychological, and environmental-structural factors determine consistent condom use among rural-to-urban migrant female sex workers in Shanghai China.BMC public health · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study uses multilevel analysis to examine individual, organizational and community levels of influence on condom use among female commercial sex workers (FSW) in the Philippines. A randomized controlled study involving 1,382 female commercial sex workers assigned to three intervention groups consisting of peer education, managerial training, combined peer and managerial intervention and a usual care control group was conducted. The results of the multilevel analysis show that FSWs who work in establishments with condom use rules tend to have a higher level of condom use (β = .70, P < 0.01). Among the different intervention groups, the combined peer and managerial intervention had the largest effect on condom use (β = 1.30, P < 0.01) compared with the usual care group. Using a three-level hierarchical model, we found that 62% of the variation lies within individuals, whereas 24% and 14% of the variation lies between establishments, and communities, respectively. Standard errors were underestimated when clustering of the FSWs in the different establishments and communities were not taken into consideration. The results demonstrate the importance of using multilevel analysis for community-based HIV/AIDS intervention programs to examine individual, establishment and community effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.