ArticleThe Journal of nutritional biochemistry2012
Gamma-tocotrienol induced apoptosis is associated with unfolded protein response in human breast cancer cells.
Article in The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Antioxidant Food Supplementation in Cancer: Lessons from Clinical Trials and Insights from Preclinical Studies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis by Gamma- or Delta-Tocotrienols in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- Gamma-tocotrienol Inhibits Proliferation and Growth of HSD17B4 Overexpressing HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Article
- The Role of Vitamin E Isoforms and Metabolites in Cancer Prevention: Mechanistic Insights into Sphingolipid Metabolism Modulation.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Transcriptomic Analysis of the Anticancer Effects of Annatto Tocotrienol, Delta-Tocotrienol and Gamma-Tocotrienol on Chondrosarcoma Cells.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Revisiting the therapeutic potential of tocotrienol.BioFactors (Oxford, England) · 2022Review
- Carnosol Induces p38-Mediated ER Stress Response and Autophagy in Human Breast Cancer Cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Vitamin E beyond Its Antioxidant Label.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Beta-Tocotrienol Exhibits More Cytotoxic Effects than Gamma-Tocotrienol on Breast Cancer Cells by Promoting Apoptosis via a P53-Independent PI3-Kinase Dependent Pathway.Biomolecules · 2020Article
- Vitamin E and cancer: an update on the emerging role of γ and δ tocotrienols.European journal of nutrition · 2020Review
- Vitamin E and cancer prevention: Studies with different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2020Review
- Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of combined gamma-tocotrienol and hydroxychavicol in preventing the proliferation of 1321N1, SW1783, and LN18 glioma cancer cells.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2019Article
- Suppression of colorectal cancer cell growth by combined treatment of 6-gingerol and γ-tocotrienol via alteration of multiple signalling pathways.Journal of natural medicines · 2019Article
- δ-Tocotrienol induces apoptosis, involving endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, and paraptosis in prostate cancer cells.Cell proliferation · 2019Article
- Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Anticancer Activity of Natural Compounds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Tocotrienols in Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Tocotrienols Modulate a Life or Death Decision in Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Cebpd Is Essential for Gamma-Tocotrienol Mediated Protection against Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic and Intestinal Injury.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Antioxidant Supplementation: A Linchpin in Radiation-Induced Enteritis.Technology in cancer research & treatment · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gamma-tocotrienol (γ-T3) is a member of the vitamin E family. Tocotrienols (T3s) are powerful antioxidants and possess anticancer, neuroprotective and cholesterol-lowering properties. Tocotrienols inhibit the growth of various cancer cell lines without affecting normal cells. Less is known about the exact mechanisms of action of T3s on cell death and other growth inhibitory pathways. In the present study, we demonstrate that γ-T3 induces apoptosis in MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells as evident by PARP cleavage and caspase-7 activation. Gene expression analysis of MCF-7 cells treated with γ-T3 revealed alterations in the expression of multiple genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, cell death, cell cycle, cellular development, cellular movement and gene expression. Further analysis of differentially modulated genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software suggested modulation of canonical signal transduction or metabolic pathways such as NRF-2-mediated oxidative stress response, TGF-β signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Analysis of ER-stress-related proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells treated with γ-T3 demonstrated activation of PERK and pIRE1α pathway to induce ER stress. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was identified as the most up-regulated gene (16.8-fold) in response to γ-T3. Activating transcription factor 3 knockdown using siRNA suggested an essential role of ATF3 in γ-T3-induced apoptosis. In summary, we demonstrate that γ-T3 modulates ER stress signaling and have identified ATF3 as a molecular target for γ-T3 in breast cancer cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.