ArticleHerpesviridae2010
Detection of human cytomegalovirus in normal and neoplastic breast epithelium.
Article in Herpesviridae, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in breast cancer.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
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- CMV seropositivity associates with poor clinical outcome in triple negative breast cancer.iScience · 2026Article
- Transient adenovirus-Cre infection causes long-lasting remodeling of the mammary gland immune landscape.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Transient adenovirus-Cre infection causes long-lasting remodeling of the mammary gland immune landscape.Research square · 2026Article
- The immunomodulatory role of human cytomegalovirus in cancer in the era of checkpoint immunotherapy.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Does human cytomegalovirus provide a novel therapeutic target for patients with glioblastoma?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Breast Cancer: A Literature Review of Clinical and Experimental Data.Biology · 2025Review
- Cytokine levels in breast cancer are highly dependent on cytomegalovirus (CMV) status.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- The association between infectious agents and breast cancer: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Review
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- Targeting Breast Cancer with N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine: Integrating Machine Learning and Cellular Assays for Promising Results.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
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- Human cytomegalovirus infection enhances 5‑lipoxygenase and cycloxygenase‑2 expression in colorectal cancer.International journal of oncology · 2023Article
- Human cytomegalovirus in cancer: the mechanism of HCMV-induced carcinogenesis and its therapeutic potential.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Indirect effects of cytomegalovirus infection: Implications for vaccine development.Reviews in medical virology · 2023Review
- Cancer risk associated with cytomegalovirus infection among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States.Cancer · 2022Article
- Human cytomegalovirus hijacks host stress response fueling replication stress and genome instability.Cell death and differentiation · 2022Article
- High Frequency of Epstein-Barr Virus and Absence of Papillomavirus in Breast Cancer Patients from Brazilian Northeast.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- Human cytomegalovirus alters immune cell profile with potential implications for patient survival in head and neck cancer.Carcinogenesis · 2022Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes a persistent life-long infection, and can cause severe pathology in the fetus and the immunocompromised host1. Breast milk is the primary route of transmission in humans worldwide, and breast epithelium is thus a likely site of persistent infection and/or reactivation, though this phenomenon has not previously been demonstrated. Increasing evidence indicates HCMV infection can modulate signaling pathways associated with oncogenesis. We hypothesized that persistent HCMV infection occurs in normal adult breast epithelium and that persistent viral expression might be associated with normal and neoplastic ductal epithelium.
methodsSurgical biopsy specimens of normal breast (n = 38) breast carcinoma (n = 39) and paired normal breast from breast cancer patients (n = 21) were obtained. Specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, PCR and DNA sequencing for evidence of HCMV antigens and nucleic acids.
resultsWe detected HCMV expression specifically in glandular epithelium in 17/27 (63%) of normal adult breast cases evaluated. In contrast, HCMV expression was evident in the neoplastic epithelium of 31/32 (97%) patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) cases evaluated (p = 0.0009).
conclusionsThese findings are the first to demonstrate that persistent HCMV infection occurs in breast epithelium in a significant percentage of normal adult females. HCMV expression was also evident in neoplastic breast epithelium in a high percentage of normal and neoplastic breast tissues obtained from breast cancer patients, raising the possibility that viral infection may be involved in the neoplastic process.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.