ArticleRetrovirology2011
Characterization of the human endogenous retrovirus K Gag protein: identification of protease cleavage sites.
Article in Retrovirology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activation of human endogenous retroviruses by Sox proteins induces cell apoptosis via the caspase-3 pathway.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Human endogenous retrovirus type K encoded Np9 oncoprotein induces DNA damage response.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Molecular architecture and conservation of an immature human endogenous retrovirus.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Molecular architecture and conservation of an immature human endogenous retrovirus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and HIV Promote PAH via Inflammation and Growth Stimulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Screening and Identification of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K mRNAs for Breast Cancer Through Integrative Analysis of Multiple Datasets.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- A Comprehensive Analysis of Human Endogenous Retroviruses HERV-K (HML.2) from Teratocarcinoma Cell Lines and Detection of Viral Cargo in Microvesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Microfluidics as a Novel Tool for Biological and Toxicological Assays in Drug Discovery Processes: Focus on Microchip Electrophoresis.Micromachines · 2020Review
- Article
- Expression of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Transactivation of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) by KSHV promotes Kaposi's sarcoma development.Oncogene · 2018Article
- Related Endogenous Retrovirus-K Elements Harbor Distinct Protease Active Site Motifs.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Molecular mechanisms by which HERV-K Gag interferes with HIV-1 Gag assembly and particle infectivity.Retrovirology · 2017Article
- The Intracellular Cholesterol Transport Inhibitor U18666A Inhibits the Exosome-Dependent Release of Mature Hepatitis C Virus.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Identification of Protease Specificity by Combining Proteome-Derived Peptide Libraries and Quantitative Proteomics.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2016Article
- Generation, Characterization and Application of Antibodies Directed against HERV-H Gag Protein in Colorectal Samples.PloS one · 2016Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type K (HERV-K) Particles Package and Transmit HERV-K-Related Sequences.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- The νSaα Specific Lipoprotein Like Cluster (lpl) of S. aureus USA300 Contributes to Immune Stimulation and Invasion in Human Cells.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- A small antigenic determinant of the Chikungunya virus E2 protein is sufficient to induce neutralizing antibodies which are partially protective in mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- ERVK polyprotein processing and reverse transcriptase expression in human cell line models of neurological disease.Viruses · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundViral genomes of the human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) family are integrated into the human chromosome and are transmitted vertically as Mendelian genes. Although viral particles are released by some transformed cells, they have never been shown to be infectious. In general, gammaretroviruses are produced as immature viral particles by accumulation of the Gag polyproteins at the plasma membrane, which subsequently bud from the cell surface. After release from the cell, Gag is further processed by proteolytic cleavage by the viral protease (PR), which results in morphologically mature particles with condensed cores. The HERV-K Gag polyprotein processing and function has not yet been precisely determined.
resultsWe generated a recombinant poxvirus, encoding the human endogenous retrovirus K consensus gag-pro-pol genes (MVA-HERV-Kcon) and obtained high levels of HERV-K Gag expression. The resulting retroviral particle assembled at the plasma membrane, as is typical for gammaretroviruses; and immature as well as mature retrovirus-like particles (VLPs) were observed around the infected cells. VLPs were purified, concentrated and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The HERV-K Gag fragments were identified by mass spectroscopy and N-terminal sequencing which revealed that HERV-K Gag is processed into MA, a short spacer peptide, p15, CA and NC.
conclusionThe cleavage sites of HERV-K Gag were mapped and found to be highly conserved among HERV-K genomes. The consensus HERV-K gag gene used in this study is known to support viral, infectivity 1, and thus the cleavage sites that were mapped in this study for all the Gag components are relevant for HERV-K infectivity.
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