ReviewDrugs & aging2011
Effects of common topical antiglaucoma medications on the ocular surface, eyelids and periorbital tissue.
Review in Drugs & aging, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of cosmetics on the ocular surface.The ocular surface · 2023Pooled it
- Maximum Tolerated Medical Therapy for Glaucoma: Fixed-Dose Combinations of Timolol, Dorzolamide, Brimonidine with Latanoprost Versus Timolol, Dorzolamide with Latanoprost.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Trial
- Oral azithromycin and oral doxycycline for the treatment of Meibomian gland dysfunction: A 9-month comparative case series.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Article
- Preoperative and postoperative risk factors for persistent dry eye after corneal refractive surgery in ultra-high myopia: a retrospective cohort study.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Oculoplastic Challenges in Patients with Glaucoma.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Potential benefits of vitamin A and its derivatives in glaucoma.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Surgical Outcomes of Mitomycin-C Augmented Trabeculectomy in Neovascular Glaucoma and Prognostic Factors for Surgical Failure in Thailand.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Comparison of Transcriptomic Analysis of the Conjunctiva in Glaucoma-Treated Eyes with Dry Eyes and Healthy Controls.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Association of topical glaucoma medications with lacrimal drainage obstruction and eyelid malposition.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Fixed versus Unfixed Combination of Topical Latanoprost/Timolol for Glaucoma: An Observational Study Investigating the Level of Adherence and Ocular Surface Health.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The Effect of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid and Latanoprost Eyedrops on Tear Functions and Ocular Surface Status in C57/BL6 Mice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Ocular surface disease: a known yet overlooked side effect of topical glaucoma therapy.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Review
- Delayed periocular dermatitis as a rare side-effect of topical anti-glaucoma eyedrop instillation in two Shih-Tzu dogs with atopic dermatitis.Journal of veterinary science · 2023Article
- Cytotoxicity, Mitochondrial Functionality, and Redox Status of Human Conjunctival Cells after Short and Chronic Exposure to Preservative-Free Bimatoprost 0.03% and 0.01%: An In Vitro Comparative Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- COOphthalmology and therapy · 2022Article
- A Narrative Review of Ocular Surface Disease Related to Anti-Glaucomatous Medications.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Review
- Psychometric Evaluation of Glaucoma Quality of Life Item Banks (GlauCAT) and Initial Assessment Using Computerized Adaptive Testing.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Different Types of Dry Eye and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glaucoma affects millions of people around the world. With the baby boom generation aging, the number of people affected by primary open-angle glaucoma in the US is expected to reach 3.3 million by 2020, and about half may not know they have the disease. The treatment of most forms of glaucoma includes the use of topical agents that enhance aqueous humour outflow, reduce aqueous production, or both. Topical intraocular pressure-lowering drugs must penetrate across the tissues of the eye to reach their therapeutic targets. Often, these tissues show the first signs and symptoms of drug toxicity and adverse effects. These include eyelid dermatitis, malpositions, lacrimal system scarring, ocular discomfort upon instillation, tear film instability, conjunctival inflammation, subconjunctival fibrosis, conjunctival epithelium changes, and corneal surface and endothelial impairment. For these reasons, ophthalmologists should evaluate the risks and benefits of ophthalmic medications before initiating therapy, identify the minimum dosages necessary to achieve a therapeutic benefit, and monitor patients for local and systemic adverse effects. Adverse events may be reduced by changing to a different class of topical medication, using corticosteroids, lubricating the eyes frequently, and reducing exposure to preservatives. This in turn can lead to higher levels of adherence to antiglaucoma therapy, improved outcomes and a reduction in the costs associated with long-term glaucoma complications. This article reviews the ocular adverse effects associated with the various classes of topical antiglaucoma drugs, with a particular focus on the ocular surface, eyelids and periorbital tissue.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.