ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Lysine methyltransferase G9a is required for de novo DNA methylation and the establishment, but not the maintenance, of proviral silencing.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repurposing antifolates as G9a methyltransferase inhibitors for potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutics via 3D QSAR/pharmacophore mapping and experimental validations.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Article
- EHMT2 aggravates vascular remodeling via epigenetic inhibition of GADD45G.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of retroviral regulation: a comparative review.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- Article
- Synergistic function of RNA modifications inaBIOTECH · 2025Article
- Transposable elements as instructors of the immune system.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- The nuclear periphery confers repression on H3K9me2-marked genes and transposons to shape cell fate.Nature cell biology · 2025Article
- Age and Sex Effects on Blood Retrotransposable Element Expression Levels: Findings From the Population-Based Rhineland Study.Aging cell · 2025Article
- The SUV39 Family of H3K9 Methyltransferases in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Review
- Stem cell activity-coupled suppression of endogenous retrovirus governs adult tissue regeneration.Cell · 2024Article
- Advances in the study of posttranslational modifications of histones in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Review
- A cytoplasmic form of EHMT1N methylates viral proteins to enable inclusion body maturation and efficient viral replication.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Regulation of endogenous retroviruses in murine embryonic stem cells and early embryos.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2024Review
- RNA-mediated heterochromatin formation at repetitive elements in mammals.The EMBO journal · 2023Review
- Transcriptional Regulation of Endogenous Retroviruses and Their Misregulation in Human Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Establishment of H3K9-methylated heterochromatin and its functions in tissue differentiation and maintenance.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2022Review
- Transposable element landscapes in aging Drosophila.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Review
- EHMT2 suppresses the variation of transcriptional switches in the mouse embryo.PLoS genetics · 2021Article
- The role of human endogenous retroviruses in gliomas: from etiological perspectives and therapeutic implications.Neuro-oncology · 2021Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Methylation on lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me) and DNA methylation play important roles in the transcriptional silencing of specific genes and repetitive elements. Both marks are detected on class I and II endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Recently, we reported that the H3K9-specific lysine methyltransferase (KMTase) Eset/Setdb1/KMT1E is required for H3K9me3 and the maintenance of silencing of ERVs in mESCs. In contrast, G9a/Ehmt2/KMT1C is dispensable, despite the fact that this KMTase is required for H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) and efficient DNA methylation of these retroelements. Transcription of the exogenous retrovirus (XRV) Moloney murine leukemia virus is rapidly extinguished after integration in mESCs, concomitant with de novo DNA methylation. However, the role that H3K9 KMTases play in this process has not been addressed. Here, we demonstrate that G9a, but not Suv39h1 or Suv39h2, is required for silencing of newly integrated Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vectors in mESCs. The silencing defect in G9a(-/-) cells is accompanied by a reduction of H3K9me2 at the proviral LTR, indicating that XRVs are direct targets of G9a. Furthermore, de novo DNA methylation of newly integrated proviruses is impaired in the G9a(-/-) line, phenocopying proviral DNA methylation and silencing defects observed in Dnmt3a-deficient mESCs. Once established, however, maintenance of silencing of XRVs, like ERVs, is dependent exclusively on the KMTase Eset. Taken together, these observations reveal that in mESCs, the H3K9 KMTase G9a is required for the establishment, but not for the maintenance, of silencing of newly integrated proviruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.