ArticleEndocrinology2011
Estrogen-initiated transformation of prostate epithelium derived from normal human prostate stem-progenitor cells.
Article in Endocrinology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of finasteride with prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Differential expression and regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases and inflammatory genes in prostate stroma and epithelium by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in men with prostate cancer and an in vitro model.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2015Trial
- Identification of Novel Transcriptional Alleles in Primary Prostate Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells by Bulk RNA-Seq and Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analyses.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Molecular regulation of estrogen receptors and recent advances on ERα36 splice variant in prostate cancer.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender women and risk of prostate cancer: pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2025Review
- Hallmarks of sex bias in immuno-oncology: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Article
- Correlation between the RNA Expression and the DNA Methylation of Estrogen Receptor Genes in Normal and Malignant Human Tissues.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Implications of hormonal carcinogenesis for transgender and gender-diverse people undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy: an up-to-date review.BMJ oncology · 2024Review
- Different Expression Pattern of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor GPER1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances target and alter human prostate stem-progenitor cells.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Article
- Stem cells from a malignant rat prostate cell line generate prostate cancersAmerican journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2022Article
- Aging of the progenitor cells that initiate prostate cancer.Cancer letters · 2021Review
- Keratin Profiling by Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Identifies Human Prostate Stem Cell Lineage Hierarchy and Cancer Stem-Like Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Studies of hormonal regulation, phenotype plasticity, bone metastasis, and experimental therapeutics in androgen-repressed human prostate cancer (ARCaP) model.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2021Review
- Cancer screening in the transgender population: a review of current guidelines, best practices, and a proposed care model.Translational andrology and urology · 2020Review
- Data integration, analysis, and interpretation of eight academic CLARITY-BPA studies.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Effects of Inorganic Arsenic on Human Prostate Stem-Progenitor Cell Transformation, Autophagic Flux Blockade, and NRF2 Pathway Activation.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- Development of Prostate Cancer Organoid Culture Models in Basic Medicine and Translational Research.Cancers · 2020Review
- Genetic susceptibility of CYP1A1 gene and risk of pesticide exposure in prostate cancer.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The present study sought to determine whether estrogens with testosterone support are sufficient to transform the normal human prostate epithelium and promote progression to invasive adenocarcinoma using a novel chimeric prostate model. Adult prostate stem/early progenitor cells were isolated from normal human prostates through prostasphere formation in three-dimensional culture. The stem/early progenitor cell status and clonality of prostasphere cells was confirmed by immunocytochemistry and Hoechst staining. Normal prostate progenitor cells were found to express estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β, and G protein-coupled receptor 30 mRNA and protein and were responsive to 1 nm estradiol-17β with increased numbers and prostasphere size, implicating them as direct estrogen targets. Recombinants of human prostate progenitor cells with rat urogenital sinus mesenchyme formed chimeric prostate tissue in vivo under the renal capsule of nude mice. Cytodifferentiation of human prostate progenitor cells in chimeric tissues was confirmed by immunohistochemistry using epithelial cell markers (p63, cytokeratin 8/18, and androgen receptor), whereas human origin and functional differentiation were confirmed by expression of human nuclear antigen and prostate-specific antigen, respectively. Once mature tissues formed, the hosts were exposed to elevated testosterone and estradiol-17β for 1-4 months, and prostate pathology was longitudinally monitored. Induction of prostate cancer in the human stem/progenitor cell-generated prostatic tissue was observed over time, progressing from normal histology to epithelial hyperplasia, prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, and prostate cancer with local renal invasion. These findings provide the first direct evidence that human prostate progenitor cells are estrogen targets and that estradiol in an androgen-supported milieu is a carcinogen for human prostate epithelium.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.