ArticleToxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology2011
Autophagy protects against aminochrome-induced cell death in substantia nigra-derived cell line.
Article in Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aminochrome-Induced Disruption of Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion: Implications for Protein Aggregation in Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nicotine protects astrocytes expressing alpha-synuclein against aminochrome cytotoxicity: Implications for Parkinson's disease.Research square · 2026Article
- Rab12 is a regulator of mitophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The conundrum of alpha-synuclein antibody failures in Parkinson's disease: a narrative review of mechanisms and alternative metabolic hypotheses.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Review
- The Enigma of Neuromelanin: How Animal Models Can Help Researchers to Understand the Link Between Pigments and Neurodegeneration.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Neuromelanin-induced cellular stress and neurotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- A Potential Role of Natural Bioactive Compounds Found in Food in the Prevention of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease.Nutrients · 2025Review
- LRRK2-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.The Biochemical journal · 2025Review
- Hypothesis: 2 Major Environmental and Pharmaceutical Factors-Acetaminophen Exposure and Gastrointestinal Overgrowth of Clostridia Bacteria Induced By Ingestion of Glyphosate-Contaminated Foods-Dysregulate the Developmental Protein Sonic Hedgehog and Are Major Causes of Autism.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Single-neuron neurodegeneration as a degenerative model for Parkinson's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2024Review
- G2019S selective LRRK2 kinase inhibitor abrogates mitochondrial DNA damage.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- A blood-based marker of mitochondrial DNA damage in Parkinson's disease.Science translational medicine · 2023Article
- Protective Effects of Flavonoid Rutin Against Aminochrome Neurotoxicity.Neurotoxicity research · 2023Article
- Inhibition of the Beta-oxidation Pathway of Fatty Acids and Dopamine- Beta-hydroxylase by Phenyl Derivatives of Short- Chain Fatty Acids from Gastrointestinal Clostridia Bacteria is a (the) Major Cause of Autism.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2023Article
- A Preclinical Model for Parkinson's Disease Based on Transcriptional Gene Activation via KEAP1/NRF2 to Develop New Antioxidant Therapies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Aminochrome Induces Neuroinflammation and Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss: A New Preclinical Model to Find Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective Drugs for Parkinson's Disease.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Astrocytes protect dopaminergic neurons against aminochrome neurotoxicity.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- Cellular Trafficking of Glutathione Transferase M2-2 Between U373MG and SHSY-S7 Cells is Mediated by Exosomes.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- The Flavonoid Agathisflavone from Poincianella pyramidalis Prevents Aminochrome Neurotoxicity.Neurotoxicity research · 2020Article
- Overexpression of Vesicular Monoamine Transporter-2 may Block Neurotoxic Metabolites from Cytosolic Dopamine: a Potential Neuroprotective Therapy for Parkinson's Disease.Clinical pharmacology and translational medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Aminochrome, the precursor of neuromelanin, has been proposed to be involved in the neurodegeneration neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. We aimed to study the mechanism of aminochrome-dependent cell death in a cell line derived from rat substantia nigra. We found that aminochrome (50μM), in the presence of NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.2 (DT)-diaphorase inhibitor dicoumarol (DIC) (100μM), induces significant cell death (62 ± 3%; p < 0.01), increase in caspase-3 activation (p < 0.001), release of cytochrome C, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.01), damage of mitochondrial DNA, damage of mitochondria determined with transmission electron microscopy, a dramatic morphological change characterized as cell shrinkage, and significant increase in number of autophagic vacuoles. To determine the role of autophagy on aminochrome-induced cell death, we incubated the cells in the presence of vinblastine and rapamycin. Interestingly, 10μM vinblastine induces a 5.9-fold (p < 0.001) and twofold (p < 0.01) significant increase in cell death when the cells were incubated with 30μM aminochrome in the absence and presence of DIC, respectively, whereas 10μM rapamycin preincubated 24 h before addition of 50μM aminochrome in the absence and the presence of 100μM DIC induces a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in cell death. In conclusion, autophagy seems to be an important protective mechanism against two different aminochrome-induced cell deaths that initially showed apoptotic features. The cell death induced by aminochrome when DT-diaphorase is inhibited requires activation of mitochondrial pathway, whereas the cell death induced by aminochrome alone requires inhibition of autophagy-dependent degrading of damaged organelles and recycling through lysosomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.