Trial reportMicrocirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)2011
17β-estradiol and progesterone independently augment cutaneous thermal hyperemia but not reactive hyperemia.
Trial report in Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral contraceptive pill phase alters mechanisms contributing to cutaneous microvascular function in response to local heating.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2025Article
- The reproducibility of protocols used to mediate a current-induced vasodilation in the human cutaneous microcirculation.PloS one · 2024Article
- Guidelines on the use of sex and gender in cardiovascular research.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2024Review
- Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia and skeletal muscle capillary hemodynamics.Microvascular research · 2022Article
- Inhibition of iNOS augments cutaneous endothelial NO-dependent vasodilation in prehypertensive non-Hispanic Whites and in non-Hispanic Blacks.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2021Article
- Female Sex Hormone Effects on the Vasculature: Considering the Validity of Restricting Study Inclusion to Low-Hormone Phases.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Pubertal Hormonal Changes and the Autonomic Nervous System: Potential Role in Pediatric Orthostatic Intolerance.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
- Effect of Sex and Menstrual Cycle on Skin Sensory Nerve Contribution to Local Heating.International journal of exercise science · 2019Article
- Ten days of repeated local forearm heating does not affect cutaneous vascular function.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2017Article
- Intradermal administration of endothelin-1 attenuates endothelium-dependent and -independent cutaneous vasodilation via Rho kinase in young adults.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2017Article
- Endothelin-1 modulates methacholine-induced cutaneous vasodilatation but not sweating in young human skin.The Journal of physiology · 2016Article
- Cutaneous blood flow during intradermal NO administration in young and older adults: roles for calcium-activated potassium channels and cyclooxygenase?American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2016Article
- Endothelial-derived hyperpolarization contributes to acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation in human skin in a dose-dependent manner.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2015Article
- Intradermal administration of ATP augments methacholine-induced cutaneous vasodilation but not sweating in young males and females.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2015Article
- Cutaneous vascular and sweating responses to intradermal administration of ATP: a role for nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase?The Journal of physiology · 2015Article
- Can intradermal administration of angiotensin II influence human heat loss responses during whole body heat stress?Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2015Article
- Sex- and limb-specific differences in the nitric oxide-dependent cutaneous vasodilation in response to local heating.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2014Article
- New approach to measure cutaneous microvascular function: an improved test of NO-mediated vasodilation by thermal hyperemia.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2014Article
- Tempol improves cutaneous thermal hyperemia through increasing nitric oxide bioavailability in young smokers.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2014Article
- Challenges and methodology for testing young healthy women in physiological studies.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe examined the impact of estradiol and progesterone on skin LH and RH in 25 healthy women.
methodsSubjects were studied three times over 10-12 days. Endogenous sex hormones were suppressed with a GnRHa. Subjects were studied on day 4 of suppression (study day 1), three to four days later following treatment with either 17β-estradiol or progesterone (study day 2), and another three to four days later, following treatment with both estradiol and progesterone (study day 3). Subjects underwent identical LH and RH protocols on all study days. LH is characterized by an initial peak in blood flow, followed by a prolonged plateau. A brief nadir is seen between the phases.
resultsBlood flow values are expressed as percent maximum CVC. Estradiol alone increased initial peak CVC from 71 ± 2% to 79 ± 2% (p = 0.001). Progesterone alone increased initial peak CVC from 72 ± 2% to 78 ± 2% (p = 0.046). Neither estradiol nor progesterone increased plateau CVC. No significant changes were seen between study days 2 and 3 for either group. No differences were observed in RH.
conclusionsBoth estradiol and progesterone increased initial peak CVC during LH, without altering plateau CVC. There was no additive effect of estradiol and progesterone.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.