ArticleImmunological investigations2011
Toll-like receptor expression and activation in astroglia: differential regulation by HIV-1 Tat, gp120, and morphine.
Article in Immunological investigations, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innate immune signaling and functions in astrocytes.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Epigenetic mechanisms of HIV and opioid-induced neuropathology: Potential therapies and interventions.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Chronic Neuroplasticity Changes Following Neurotropic Viral Infection: Mechanisms and Implications.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of poly(I: C) as a Tool for Investigating Astrocytic TLR3 Signaling.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Efficacy of Small Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with ROCK Inhibitor in Parkinson's Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Alterations in Circular RNAs circOprm1 and circSerpini in the Striatum are Associated with Changes in Spatial Working Memory Performance after Morphine Dependence and Withdrawal in Rats.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- Special Issue "The Role of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in Infection and Inflammation 2.0".International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Sustained fentanyl exposure inhibits neuronal activity in dissociated striatal neuronal-glial cocultures through actions independent of opioid receptors.Journal of neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Autophagy Deregulation in HIV-1-Infected Cells Increases Extracellular Vesicle Release and Contributes to TLR3 Activation.Viruses · 2024Article
- Unique, Specific CART Receptor-Independent Regulatory Mechanism of CART(55-102) Peptide in Spinal Nociceptive Transmission and Its Relation to Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 (DDP4).International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- HIV-Proteins-Associated CNS Neurotoxicity, Their Mediators, and Alternative Treatments.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- The Identification of Blood Biomarkers of Chronic Neuropathic Pain by Comparative Transcriptomics.Neuromolecular medicine · 2022Article
- Extracellular Alpha-Synuclein: Mechanisms for Glial Cell Internalization and Activation.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Extracellular Cardiolipin Modulates Select Immune Functions of Astrocytes in Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4-Dependent Manner.Mediators of inflammation · 2022Article
- Co-receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV.Retrovirology · 2021Review
- Review
- Role of astroglial toll-like receptors (TLRs) in central nervous system infections, injury and neurodegenerative diseases.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Review
- Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor MJN110 Reduces Neuronal Hyperexcitability, Restores Dendritic Arborization Complexity, and Regulates Reward-Related Behavior in Presence of HIV-1 Tat.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Functional impact of HIV-1 Tat on cells of the CNS and its role in HAND.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2020Review
- Alzheimer's disease-like perturbations in HIV-mediated neuronal dysfunctions: understanding mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies.Open biology · 2020Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine whether morphine alone or in combination with HIV-1 Tat or gp120 affects the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by astrocytes and to assess whether TLRs expressed by astrocytes function in the release of inflammatory mediators in vitro. TLR profiling by immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, in-cell westerns, and RT-PCR showed that subpopulations of astrocytes possessed TLR 2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9 antigenicity. Exposure to HIV-1 Tat, gp120, and/or morphine significantly altered the proportion of TLR-immunopositive and/or TLR expression by astroglia in a TLR-specific manner. Subsets of astroglia displayed significant increases in TLR2 with reciprocal decreases in TLR9 expression in response to Tat or gp120 ± morphine treatment. TLR9 expression was also significantly decreased by morphine alone. Exposing astrocytes to the TLR agonists LTA (TLR2), poly I:C (TLR3), LPS (TLR4) and unmethylated CpG ODN (TLR9) resulted in increased secretion of MCP-1/CCL2 and elevations in reactive oxygen species. TLR3 and TLR4 stimulation increased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and RANTES/CCL5, while activation of TLR2 caused a significant increase in nitric oxide levels. The results suggest that HIV-1 proteins and/or opioid abuse disrupt the innate immune response of the central nervous system (CNS) which may lead to increased pathogenicity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.