ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2011
Correlation of clinical trachoma and infection in Aboriginal communities.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of climatic risk factors on the prevalence, distribution, and severity of acute and chronic trachoma.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Pooled it
- Importance of including borderline cases in trachoma grader certification.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2014Trial
- Comparison of Methods for Assessing Chlamydia trachomatis Transmission Intensity: A Systematic Review.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Monitoring of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and antibodies in low-prevalence districts of Amhara, Ethiopia: Insights from a hyper-endemic trachoma region.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Evolutionary dynamics in the genome of ocularMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis and Active Trachoma among Children in Merhabete District, Amhara, Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Validation of a New Duplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction forDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Trachoma.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
- Comparison of genovars and Chlamydia trachomatis infection loads in ocular samples from children in two distinct cohorts in Sudan and Morocco.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Development and Comparison of Complementary Methods to Study Potential Skin and Inhalational Exposure to Pathogens During Personal Protective Equipment Doffing.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Prevalence of signs of trachoma, ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and antibodies to Pgp3 in residents of Kiritimati Island, Kiribati.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Spatial clustering of high load ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in trachoma: a cross-sectional population-based study.Pathogens and disease · 2017Article
- The impact of health promotion on trachoma knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) of staff in three work settings in remote Indigenous communities in the Northern Territory.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Measuring Trachomatous Inflammation-Intense (TI) When Prevalence Is Low Provides Data on Infection With Chlamydia trachomatis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Article
- Immunofibrogenic Gene Expression Patterns in Tanzanian Children with OcularFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- The Relationship between Active Trachoma and Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection before and after Mass Antibiotic Treatment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Review
- Low Prevalence of Conjunctival Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in a Treatment-Naïve Trachoma-Endemic Region of the Solomon Islands.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Risk factors for active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in treatment-naïve trachoma-hyperendemic communities of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea Bissau.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- Reliability of trachoma clinical grading--assessing grading of marginal cases.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- The effect of multiple rounds of mass drug administration on the association between ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and follicular trachoma in preschool-aged children.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTrachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness due to conjunctival infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. The presence of active trachoma and evidence of infection are poorly correlated and a strong immunologically-mediated inflammatory response means that clinical signs last much longer than infection. This population-based study in five Aboriginal communities endemic for trachoma in northern Australia compared a fine grading of clinical trachoma with diagnostic positivity and organism load.
methodsA consensus fine grading of trachoma, based on clinical assessment and photograding, was compared to PCR, a lipopolysacharide (LPS)-based point-of-care (POC) and a 16S RNA-based nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). Organism load was measured in PCR positive samples.
resultsA total of 1282 residents, or 85.2% of the study population, was examined. Taking the findings of both eyes, the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in children aged 1-9 years was 25.1% (96/383) of whom 13 (13.7%) were PCR positive on the left eye. When clinical data were limited to the left eye as this was tested for PCR, the prevalence of TF decreased to 21.4% (82/383). The 301 TF negative children, 13 (4.3%) were PCR positive. The fine grading of active trachoma strongly correlated with organism load and disease severity (rs = 0.498, P = 0.0004). Overall, 53% of clinical activity (TF(1) or TF(2)) and 59% of PCR positivity was found in those with disease scores less than the WHO simplified grade of TF.
conclusionDetailed studies of the pathogenesis, distribution and natural history of trachoma should use finer grading schemes for the more precise identification of clinical status. In low prevalence areas, the LPS-based POC test lacks the sensitivity to detect active ocular infection and nucleic acid amplification tests such as PCR or the 16S-RNA based NAAT performed better. Trachoma in the Aboriginal communities requires specific control measures.
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