ReviewBlood2011
From an old remedy to a magic bullet: molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of arsenic in fighting leukemia.
Review in Blood, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Arsenic trioxideHaematologica · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Rethinking Drug Resistance in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: The Regulated Cell Death Network as an Integrative Framework.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Arsenic Sulfide Induces Apoptosis in Myelodysplastic Neoplasm Cells Through the Suppression of ABI2.Biological procedures online · 2025Article
- Decoding the Implications of Zinc in the Development and Therapy of Leukemia.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- A case report of TBL1XR1-RARB positive pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic trioxide: clinical features, mechanisms, preventive and potential therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Research progress on arsenic, arsenic-containing medicinal materials, and arsenic-containing preparations: clinical application, pharmacological effects, and toxicity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- ATO Increases ROS Production and Apoptosis of Cells by Enhancing Calpain-Mediated Degradation of the Cancer Survival Protein TG2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- TP53 inhibitor PFTα increases the sensitivity of arsenic trioxide in TP53 wildtype tumor cells.FEBS open bio · 2022Article
- A Proteomic Platform Enables to Test for AML NormalizationFrontiers in chemistry · 2022Article
- Current views on the genetic landscape and management of variant acute promyelocytic leukemia.Biomarker research · 2021Review
- 20(Journal of ginseng research · 2021Article
- Review
- Natural Products in Cancer Therapy: Past, Present and Future.Natural products and bioprospecting · 2021Review
- Serum trace metal association with response to erythropoiesis stimulating agents in incident and prevalent hemodialysis patients.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Arsenite Binds to ZNF598 to Perturb Ribosome-Associated Protein Quality Control.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
- Arsenic intoxication: general aspects and chelating agents.Archives of toxicology · 2020Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Arsenic had been used in treating malignancies from the 18th to mid-20th century. In the past 3 decades, arsenic was revived and shown to be able to induce complete remission and to achieve, when combined with all-trans retinoic acid and chemotherapy, a 5-year overall survival of 90% in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia driven by the t(15;17) translocation-generated promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor α (PML-RARα) fusion. Molecularly, arsenic binds thiol residues and induces the formation of reactive oxygen species, thus affecting numerous signaling pathways. Interestingly, arsenic directly binds the C3HC4 zinc finger motif in the RBCC domain of PML and PML-RARα, induces their homodimerization and multimerization, and enhances their interaction with the SUMO E2 conjugase Ubc9, facilitating subsequent sumoylation/ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Arsenic-caused intermolecular disulfide formation in PML also contributes to PML-multimerization. All-trans retinoic acid, which targets PML-RARα for degradation through its RARα moiety, synergizes with arsenic in eliminating leukemia-initiating cells. Arsenic perturbs a number of proteins involved in other hematologic malignancies, including chronic myeloid leukemia and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, whereby it may bring new therapeutic benefits. The successful revival of arsenic in acute promyelocytic leukemia, together with modern mechanistic studies, has thus allowed a new paradigm to emerge in translational medicine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.