ArticleInfection and immunity2011
Vitamin D-mediated induction of innate immunity in gingival epithelial cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D as a candidate host susceptibility factor in sugar-driven oral dysbiosis.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Relationship between vitamin D status and the vaginal microbiome during pregnancy.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Randomized controlled trial of calcitriol in severe sepsis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2014Trial
- Epithelial Inflammatory iNOS-Nitrate Axis EnhancesInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Vitamin D boosts HIV-1 resistance in female genital epithelial cells by enhancing antiviral cathelicidin expression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Vitamin D deficiency in mice modulates oral microbiome stability over time and leads to changes in host inflammatory gene expression pathways.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Beyond vitamin D: integrating nuclear receptor signaling networks in periodontal health and disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Increasing Serum Vitamin D Levels Reduces Gingival Crevicular Fluid Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels in Periodontal Health and Diseases.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Article
- Vitamin DInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Serum Vitamin D and C Concentrations in Cats With Gingivostomatitis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Multi-active phlorotannins boost antimicrobial peptide LL-37 to promote periodontal tissue regeneration in diabetic periodontitis.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Decreases Susceptibility of CD4Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Vitamin D and LL-37 in Serum and Saliva: Insights into Oral Immunity.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Hypovitaminosis D in patients with oral leukoplakia: insights from a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Topical Vitamin D Prevents Bone Loss and Inflammation in a Mouse Model.Journal of dental research · 2024Article
- Article
- Association between dysbiotic perio-pathogens and inflammatory initiators and mediators in COVID-19 patients with diabetes.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Enhancement of innate immunity in gingival epithelial cells by vitamin D and HDAC inhibitors.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Article
- The Magic Triangle in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor, and Malignancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human gingival epithelial cells (GEC) produce peptides, such as β-defensins and the cathelicidin LL-37, that are both antimicrobial and that modulate the innate immune response. In myeloid and airway epithelial cells, the active form of vitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] increases the expression and antibacterial activity of LL-37. To examine the activity of vitamin D on the innate immune defense of the gingival epithelium, cultured epithelial cells were treated with either 10(-8) M 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) or ethanol for up to 24 h. A time-dependent induction of LL-37 mRNA up to 13-fold at 24 h in both standard monolayer and three-dimensional cultures was observed. Induction of the vitamin D receptor and the 1-α-hydroxylase genes was also observed. The hydroxylase was functional, as LL-37 induction was observed in response to stimulation by 25(OH)D(3). Through microarray analysis of other innate immune genes, CD14 expression increased 4-fold, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) was upregulated 16-fold after 24 h of treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). TREM-1 is a pivotal amplifier of the innate immune response in macrophages, leading to increased production by inflammatory response genes. Activation of TREM-1 on the GEC led to an increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA levels. Incubation of three-dimensional cultures with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) led to an increase in antibacterial activity against the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans when the bacteria were added to the apical surface. This study is the first to demonstrate the effect of vitamin D on antibacterial defense of oral epithelial cells, suggesting that vitamin D(3) could be utilized to enhance the innate immune defense in the oral cavity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.