ArticleInfection and immunity2011
Serine protease PrtA from Streptococcus pneumoniae plays a role in the killing of S. pneumoniae by apolactoferrin.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanistic Insights into the Impact of Air Pollution on Pneumococcal Pathogenesis and Transmission.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Review
- The Role of Streptococcal Cell-Envelope Proteases in Bacterial Evasion of the Innate Immune System.Journal of innate immunity · 2022Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2021Review
- Bacterial factors required for Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection with influenza A virus.Journal of biomedical science · 2021Article
- Pneumococcal Extracellular Serine Proteases: Molecular Analysis and Impact on Colonization and Disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- The serine protease HtrA plays a key role in heat-induced dispersal of pneumococcal biofilms.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Assessment of Synthesis Machinery of Two Antimicrobial Peptides from Paenibacillus alvei NP75.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2020Article
- Extracellular Pneumococcal Serine Proteases Affect Nasopharyngeal Colonization.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Review
- PrtA immunization fails to protect against pulmonary and invasive infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae.Respiratory research · 2018Article
- Article
- Multivalent Pneumococcal Protein Vaccines Comprising Pneumolysoid with Epitopes/Fragments of CbpA and/or PspA Elicit Strong and Broad Protection.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
- Ni2+-Dependent and PsaR-Mediated Regulation of the Virulence Genes pcpA, psaBCA, and prtA in Streptococcus pneumoniae.PloS one · 2015Article
- Co(2+)-dependent gene expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae: opposite effect of Mn(2+) and Co(2+) on the expression of the virulence genes psaBCA, pcpA, and prtA.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Article
- Characterization of Pneumococcal Genes Involved in Bloodstream Invasion in a Mouse Model.PloS one · 2015Article
- Molecular basis of host specificity in human pathogenic bacteria.Emerging microbes & infections · 2014Review
- Preparation and antimicrobial action of three tryptic digested functional molecules of bovine lactoferrin.PloS one · 2014Article
- Novel recombinant human lactoferrin: differential activation of oxidative stress related gene expression.Journal of biotechnology · 2013Article
- Modified opsonization, phagocytosis, and killing assays to measure potentially protective antibodies against pneumococcal surface protein A.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2013Article
- Retention of structure, antigenicity, and biological function of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) released from polyanhydride nanoparticles.Acta biomaterialia · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It is known that apolactoferrin, the iron-free form of human lactoferrin, can kill many species of bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Lactoferricin, an N-terminal peptide of apolactoferrin, and fragments of it are even more bactericidal than apolactoferrin. In this study we found that apolactoferrin must be cleaved by a serine protease in order for it to kill pneumococci. The serine protease inhibitors were able to block killing by apolactoferrin but did not block killing by a lactoferrin-derived peptide. Thus, the killing of pneumococci by apolactoferrin appears to require a protease to release a lactoferricin-like peptide(s). Incubation of apolactoferrin with growing pneumococci resulted in a 12-kDa reduction in its molecular mass, of which about 7 to 8 kDa of the reduction was protease dependent. Capsular type 2 and 19F strains with mutations in the gene encoding the major cell wall-associated serine protease, prtA, lost much of their ability to degrade apolactoferrin and were relatively resistant to killing by apolactoferrin (P < 0.001). Recombinant PrtA was also able to cleave apolactoferrin, reducing its mass by about 8 kDa, and greatly enhance the killing activity of the solution containing the apolactoferrin and its cleavage products. Mass spectroscopy revealed that PrtA makes a major cut between amino acids 78 and 79 of human lactoferrin, removing the N-terminal end of the molecule (about 8.6 kDa). The simplest interpretation of these data is that the mechanism by which apolactoferrin kills Streptococcus pneumoniae requires the release of a lactoferricin-like peptide(s) and that it is this peptide(s), and not the intact apolactoferrin, which kills pneumococci.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.