ReviewJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2011
Addiction as a systems failure: focus on adolescence and smoking.
Review in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene × smoking interactions on human brain gene expression: finding common mechanisms in adolescents and adults.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2013Pooled it
- Efficacy of Laser Auricular Acupuncture for Smoking Cessation: A randomised controlled trial.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2021Trial
- Observations of adolescent peer resistance skills following a classroom-based healthy relationship program: a post-intervention comparison.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2012Trial
- Impact of Individual, Familial and Parental Factors on Adolescent Smoking in Turkey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- An ecological model of drug and alcohol use and related harms among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: A systematic review of the literature.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Review
- Dual role of nicotine in addiction and cognition: a review of neuroimaging studies in humans.Neuropharmacology · 2014Review
- Addiction science: Uncovering neurobiological complexity.Neuropharmacology · 2014Review
- Adolescent rats are resistant to adaptations in excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms that modulate mesolimbic dopamine during nicotine withdrawal.Journal of neurochemistry · 2012Article
- Racial/ethnic differences in the longitudinal progression of co-occurring negative affect and cigarette use: from adolescence to young adulthood.Addictive behaviors · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveScientific advances in the field of addiction have forever debunked the notion that addiction reflects a character flaw under voluntary control, demonstrating instead that it is a bona fide disease of the brain. The aim of this review is to go beyond this consensus understanding and explore the most current evidence regarding the vast number of genetic, developmental, and environmental factors whose complex interactions modulate addiction risk and trajectory.
methodFocusing on childhood and adolescent smoking as a paradigm, we review the important risk factors for the development of addictions, starting at the level of genetics and closing with a focus on sociocultural and policy factors.
resultsA critical review of the pertinent literature provides a detailed view of the cumulative power of risk and protection factors across different phenomenological levels to modulate the risk of undesirable outcomes, particularly for young people. The result represents a compelling argument for the need to engage in comprehensive, multilevel approaches to promoting health.
conclusionsToday, the field of medicine understands more about disease than about health; however it need not be that way. The view of drug addiction as a systems failure should help refocus our general approach to developing dynamic models and early comprehensive interventions that optimize the ways in which we prevent and treat a complex, developmental disorder such as drug addiction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.